%0 Journal Article
%T Le conflit du Tipnis et la Bolivie d¡¯Evo Morales face ¨¤ ses contradictions : analyse d¡¯un conflit socio-environnemental
%A Laetitia Perrier Brusl¨¦
%J EchoG¨¦o
%D 2012
%I P?le de Recherche pour l'Organisation et la diffusion de l'Information G¨¦ographique
%X Entre ao t et octobre 2011, la Bolivie a connu un de ses plus graves conflits sociaux depuis la premi¨¨re ¨¦lection d¡¯Evo Morales (2005). Pour refuser la construction d¡¯une route traversant leur territoire, des indig¨¨nes ont entam¨¦ une marche de protestation qui s¡¯est transform¨¦e en un conflit d¡¯ampleur nationale. Que le   premier pr¨¦sident indig¨¨ne   d¡¯Am¨¦rique du Sud soit ainsi mis en porte-¨¤-faux sur son propre terrain est ¨¦tonnant. Pour comprendre ce paradoxe, nous montrons les m¨¦canismes d¡¯¨¦closion du conflit, puis le d¨¦cryptons en partant d¡¯une analyse g¨¦ographique des enjeux soulev¨¦s par la route. La r¨¦flexion se d¨¦ploie aux ¨¦chelles mondiale, continentale et locale. A chacun de ces niveaux, la Bolivie appara t prise dans ses propres contradictions : contradiction entre son positionnement ¨¦cologiste et indig¨¨ne et la r¨¦alit¨¦ de sa politique nationale ; contradiction entre la protection de ses espaces orientaux et la volont¨¦ de participer pleinement ¨¤ l¡¯int¨¦gration continentale ; contradiction enfin, entre les promesses de changement sociopolitique et la r¨¦alit¨¦ du retour d¡¯un ¨¦tat centralis¨¦ Between August and October 2011, Bolivia passed through one of its fiercest conflicts since the election of Evo Morales in 2005. Because they are against the building of the Tipnis road that would go through their territory, some indigenous people started a protest walk to La Paz. During the 66 days of the walk, the conflict grew at the national level and gathered all those opposed to the government. It is striking to see that the first ever indigenous elected president is now facing such difficulties. To international viewers, Evo Morales represents another way of development, respectful of indigenous rights and of the environment. To understand the paradox of his international and national stances, I will study how this socio-environmental conflict appeared and then I will focus on the geographical issues raised by the Tipnis road, at the global, regional and local scales. At each level, Bolivia seems to be stuck within its own contradictions, which, in return, fuels the conflicts: contradiction between its ecologist and indigenous stance and the reality of its national policy; contradiction between protection of oriental regions and willingness to continental integration; contradiction between promises of socio-political changes and the reality of a strong central State. What is at stake here is both the process of change in Bolivia and the future of natural resources in a global context.
%K Bolivia
%K South America
%K environment
%K resource
%K territorial conflict
%K transport network
%K territorial integration
%K Brasil
%K AmazoniA
%K Br¨¦sil
%K environnement
%K Amazonie
%K Am¨¦rique du Sud
%K ressource
%K conflit territorial
%K r¨¦seau de transport
%K int¨¦gration territoriale. Bolivie
%U http://echogeo.revues.org/12972