%0 Journal Article
%T Population genetic divergence and migration pattern of the Saunders's gull Larus saundersi
%A JIANG Hong-Xing
%A HOU Yun-Qiu
%A QIAN Fa-Wen
%A CHU Guo-Zhong
%J Acta Zoologica Sinica
%D 2008
%I 
%X A molecular method was used to reveal population genetic structure and differentiation of Saunders¡¯s Gull Larus saundersi. The mitochondrial control region (CR) sequence variation was assayed from 50 samples, that were collected from 3 current breeding sites in China: Yancheng of Jiangsu, Yellow River Delta of Shandong and Shuangtaihekou of Liaoning. . With the addition of sequences of 2 South Korean samples obtained from the published literature, a total of 49 variable sites were detected and 37 haplotypes were defined from the aligned 550 bp of the 5¡ä CR. Only 1 haplotype was shared by all 3 sub-populations in China and most of the haplotypes were unique to a sub-population. There were very high diversities in hyplotypes and nucleotides within each population. Over all diversities for all four sub-populations were still quite high ( h = 0.974% ¡À 0.012£¥, ¦Đ= 0.510% ¡À 0.042%). The range of the nucleotide divergence, the pairwise FST, and the gene flow (Nm) between the 4 populations was between 0.457%¨C0.585%, -0.03176¨C0.48063, and 1.03¨C33.79 respectively. The mean genetic distance among the 4 populations was 0.0051¡À0.0011. UPGMA tree and statistical parsimony cladogram showed a very shallow phylogenetic tree and a star-like haplotype network, which indicated that no distinctive geographic phylogeography has occurred among the 4 sub-populations. At the same time, the color flagging technique was used to reveal the migration patterns of the 4 breeding sub-populations. The results of the migration and genetic studies are very similar. High genetic diversities in the four sub-populations might result from gene exchange when the gulls return from their wintering areas. Finally, considering the migratory behavior and low genetic differences between sub-populations, we suggest taking different management measures for species and genetic conservation of Saunders¡¯s Gull [Acta Zoologica Sinica 54(5): 767¨C776, 2008].
%K Saunders's gull
%K Mitochondrial DNA control region
%K Migration
%K Phylogeography
%K Population differentiation
%U http://www.actazool.org/paperdetail.asp?id=10942