%0 Journal Article
%T Describing the shape of the face of hypertensive and non-hypertensive adult females using geometric morphometric analysis
%A Christine Cherry E. Solon
%A Mark Anthony J. Torres
%A Cesar G. Demayo
%J Human & Veterinary Medicine
%D 2012
%I Bioflux Society
%X Objective: This study describes morphological variations of the face of hypertensive women when compared to non-hypertensives.Material and Methods: Digital images of the faces of 54 non-hypertensive and 41 hypertensive women were used in this study. Forty-one manuallypositioned landmarks were on front face images, while twenty-eight landmarks were collected on left and right face images, the Cartesiancoordinates of which were extracted using an image analysis and processing software. The faces were then aligned using Procrustes alignmentof the Cartesian coordinates to eliminate size differences and rotational translation. The size residuals left after the alignment were then used toreconstruct the face truss network using thin-plate spline grids. Variations in facial morphology were then explored using the methods of relativewarps analysis and partial warps analysis. Results: Principal Component Analysis revealed that in both populations of females, five or sixprincipal components contribute most to the variation that exist among individuals. Results for fluctuating asymmetry are higher compared toindividual variation, with even higher values in hypertensive individuals compared to non-hypertensive. Scatterplots of residual asymmetrybetween the two groups further revealed the distinct differences existing between them.
%K hypertension
%K geometric morphometrics
%K fluctuating asymmetry
%U http://www.hvm.bioflux.com.ro/docs/HVM_4.1.9.pdf