%0 Journal Article
%T Pol赤ticas macroecon車mica y de promoci車n del riego y cambio clim芍tico en la monta a semi-芍rida de Chile
%A Le車n
%A A.
%J Pirineos : Revista de Ecolog赤a de Montaˋa
%D 2008
%I Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient赤ficas
%X This article examines the evolution and impact of macroeconomic and irrigation policies with emphasis on the mountainous semiarid zone that have been implemented in Chile from 1973 to the present. The liberal macroeconomic policy with an angle towards exportation has resulted in strong expansion of the agricultural frontier and therefore increased water demand. On the other hand, the policy to promote irrigation in the valleys of the semiarid mountains, despite of initial set up in the early XX Century with the construction of the first of three large dams, has contributed a great deal towards the expansion of irrigation technology and the planted surface, all with legal and institutional changes, as well as due to direct public investment on infrastructure works, and to the application of a suit of economic instruments such as subsidies. However, climate change models point to a completely different scenario at the end of the XXI century from the one known at present. Less precipitation and snow on the high summits of the Andean cordillera, could diminish the supply of water for irrigation, which would generate an extremely complex situation. The semiarid zone is currently highly vulnerable to interannual climate variations, since in every six out of ten years lower than normal precipitation is recorded. This makes it necessary to design and to implement new public policies aimed at contributing to the adaptation of agricultural systems to the new, more restrictive scenario. Este art赤culo examina la evoluci車n y el impacto de las pol赤ticas macroecon車micas y de promoci車n del riego (con 谷nfasis en la zona monta osa semi芍rida) que se han implementado en Chile a partir de 1973 hasta la actualidad. La pol赤tica macroecon車mica liberal con un sesgo pro exportador ha resultado en una fuerte expansi車n de la frontera agr赤cola y una consecuente mayor demanda de agua. Por su parte, la pol赤tica de promoci車n del riego en los valles de la zona monta osa semi芍rida, a pesar de haberse iniciado temprano durante el siglo XX con la construcci車n del primero de tres grandes embalses, ha contribuido fuertemente a la expansi車n de la tecnificaci車n del riego como asimismo al aumento de la superficie plantada. Ello a trav谷s de cambios institucionales y legales, como tambi谷n debido a la inversi車n p迆blica directa en obras de infraestructura, y a la aplicaci車n de una bater赤a de instrumentos econ車micos (subsidios). Sin embargo, modelos de cambio clim芍tico indican que hacia fines del siglo XXI la situaci車n en esta zona geogr芍fica puede ser completamente diferente a lo que conocemos en
%K Agricultural production
%K environmental deterioration
%K climate change
%K farmscape
%K short North
%K Chile
%K Producci車n agr赤cola
%K deterioro ambiental
%K cambio clim芍tico
%K paisaje agr赤cola
%K Norte Chico
%K Chile
%U http://pirineos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/pirineos/article/view/26/26