%0 Journal Article
%T Expression patterns of protein kinase D 3 during mouse development
%A Kornelia Ellwanger
%A Klaus Pfizenmaier
%A Sylke Lutz
%A Angelika Hausser
%J BMC Developmental Biology
%D 2008
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1471-213x-8-47
%X We have examined the expression pattern of PKD3 during the development of mouse embryos by immunohistochemistry. Using a PKD3 specific antibody we demonstrate that the kinase is differentially expressed during organogenesis. In the developing heart a strong PKD3 expression is constantly detected from E10 to E16.5. From E12.5 on PKD3 is increasingly expressed in neuronal as well as in the supporting connective tissue and in skeletal muscles.The data presented support an important role for PKD3 during development of these tissues.The protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases comprises a single member in Drosophila [1,2], two isoforms in C. elegans [3,4] and three members, PKD1 (PKC¦Ì), PKD2 and PKD3 (PKC¦Í) in mammals. The three mammalian isoforms share similar structural modules. They consist of an N-terminal regulatory domain and a C-terminal kinase domain. While PKD1 and PKD2 posses an alanine/proline-rich region at their N-terminus, in PKD3 this hydrophobic domain is absent. All isoforms contain two cysteine-rich domains (CRD) separated by a long linker region, an acidic region consisting of negatively charged amino acids and a pleckstrin homology domain (PH). These characteristic motifs are also important for the regulation of enzyme activity and localization within cells. The PKD enzymes have recently been implicated in very diverse cellular functions, including Golgi organization and plasma membrane directed transport, metastasis, immune responses, apoptosis and cell proliferation (for an overview see [5]). PKD3 was originally identified in 1999 [6]. Northern blot analysis revealed a ubiquitous expression of the protein in a wide variety of human tissues suggesting a basic housekeeping function [6]. In vitro studies propose a potential role of the kinase in signaling events of GPCR agonists which induced a rapid activation of PKD3 by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway [7]. PKD3 can also be activated by bombesin in a Rac and G¦Á dependent me
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/47