%0 Journal Article
%T JUAN RAFAEL ALLENDE, "EL PEQU¨¦N", Y LOS RASGOS CARNAVALESCOS DE LA LITERATURA POPULAR CHILENA DEL SIGLO XIX
%A MAXIMILIANO SALINAS CAMPOS
%J Historia (Santiago)
%D 2004
%I Pontificia Universidad Cat¨®lica de Chile
%X Dentro de la rica y poco estudiada tradici¨®n de la literatura popular de Chile se destaca en el siglo XIX la figura del poeta y dramaturgo Juan Rafael Allende Astorga (1848-1909). En este estudio se hace una presentaci¨®n del car¨¢cter carnavalesco de su obra literaria durante la d¨¦cada de 1880, expresada en los popular¨ªsimos vol¨²menes de poes¨ªa firmados como El Pequ¨¦n y en su peri¨®dico de caricaturas El Padre Padilla. A contrapelo del estiramiento y britanizaci¨®n burguesa que caracteriz¨® a su tiempo, Allende asoci¨® su esp¨ªritu festivo a las luchas democr¨¢ticas, y en particular al nacimiento del Partido Democr¨¢tico, una nueva forma de hacer pol¨ªtica de cara a las necesidades concretas y materiales de los trabajadores y "rotos" chilenos, a partir de 1887. El esp¨ªritu de la ¨¦lite era para Allende el de una forzada e hip¨®crita cuaresma impuesta al pueblo com¨²n. La forma de combatir ese mundo era la aparici¨®n del Carnaval, como una exaltaci¨®n de sus valores a trav¨¦s del banquete, el erotismo, la fiesta y la subversi¨®n. Este esp¨ªritu recorre gran parte del discurso literario de Allende, incluso permitiendo comprender, desde su mirada de un "mundo al rev¨¦s", la conducta p¨²blica del Presidente Jos¨¦ Manuel Balmaceda ante la ¨¦lite de Chile. In the rich but little researched tradition of the popular literature of Chile, the figure of the poet and playwright Juan Rafael Allende Astorga (1848-1909) brigthly shines in the XIX century. In this paper, a presentation of a festive nature of his literary production during the 1880's is made; it is expressed in the very popular volumes of poetry under the nickname of "El Pequ¨¦n" (a local kind of hawk) and in his newspaper of cartoons "El Padre Padilla". Against the grain of the stiffness and anglicism of the bourgeoisie that characterized his epoch, Allende associated his festive spirit to the democrative struggles, and in particular to the birth of the Democratic Party, a new approach to practice politics facing the concrete and material needs of the labourers and Chilean "rotos" (the deprived) as of 1887. The spirit of the ¨¦lite was for Allende the one of a forced and hypocritical Lent imposed on the common people. The way to challenge that world was the publication of "Carnaval" as an elation of their values through banquets, eroticsm, feasts and subversion. This spirit runs through a large extend of Allende's literary discourse to the point of allowing from his view of a topsy-turvy world to understand the public behaviour of President Jos¨¦ Manuel Balmaceda and the ¨¦lite of Chile.
%K S¨¢tira
%K peri¨®dicos
%K pol¨ªtica
%K c¨®mico
%K Satire
%K periodicals
%K politics
%K comic
%U http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-71942004000100007