%0 Journal Article
%T A rabbit model of right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis created with echocardiographic guidance
%A Mei-lian Wang
%A Ying Zhang
%A Miao Fan
%A Ya-jun Guo
%A Wei-dong Ren
%A En-jie Luo
%J Cardiovascular Ultrasound
%D 2013
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1476-7120-11-3
%X Thirty rabbits underwent both catheterization and inoculation (group A). These were divided into three subgroups of ten based on the time of catheter removal (immediately, after 24 h, and after death or moribundity for groups, A1, A2, and A3, respectively). Ten inoculated-only and ten catheterized-only rabbits served as controls. A catheter system consisted of a polyethylene catheter and a guide wire inside it. This system was passed through the rabbits' tricuspid valves under echocardiographic guidance to damage them. The ratio of left ventricle to right ventricle (LV/RV) was measured in a four-chamber view before catheterization and at the time of death or moribundity. The peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (VTR) was measured in a four-chamber view at the time of catheterization and at the time of death or moribundity. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) inoculation was performed 24 h after right heart catheterization to produce IE.IE was confirmed in 28 of 30 rabbits by macroscopic and histologic examination of tricuspid valves, blood cultures, and bacterial count in cardiac vegetations. Cardiac vegetations were confirmed in 25 of 28 IE rabbits by echocardiography. Enlargement of right ventricle dimension with a significantly decreased LV/RV ratio was confirmed in all IE rabbits at the time of death or moribundity than at the initial state (1.11 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.95 +/- 0.39, P < 0.01; 1.21 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.35, P < 0.01; 1.04 +/- 0.31 vs. 2.00 +/- 0.41, P < 0.01 for groups A1, A2, and A3, respectively). VTR was significantly higher in all the IE rabbits at the time of death or moribundity than at the time of catheterization (1.89 +/- 0.46 vs 0.76 +/- 0.45, P < 0.01; 2.04 +/- 0.73 vs 0.68 +/- 0.66, P < 0.01; 2.24 +/- 0.51 vs 0.87 +/- 0.55, P < 0.01 for group A1, A2 and A3, respectively).The models described herein closely reproduced the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of right heart catheter-induced endocarditis in humans. Echocardiographic guidance is h
%U http://www.cardiovascularultrasound.com/content/11/1/3/abstract