%0 Journal Article %T Campos escalares reais e a quebra espontanea de simetria: Uma descri o anal¨ªtica para defeitos topol¨®gicos %A M. A. M. Souza %A D. Bazeia %A L. Losano %A e R. Menezes %J Latin-American Journal of Physics Education %D 2012 %I Instituto Polit¨¦cnico Nacional, Latin American Physics Education Network %X In this paper we study the dynamic models described by a potential V( ), where represents a real scalar field, from the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking. This mechanism causes the system to have two distinct states;this can be represented in continuous media as a process of phase transition and / or the appearance of topological defects. Such defects are static solutions, stable and finite energy of a nonlinear differential equation of second order. We also present Bogomol `nyi`s equations, where we write the potential of a given model in terms of a superpotential function and the problem of solving a second-order equation reduces to finding the solutions of two first order equations whose solutions, called BPS states, identify the lowest energy states and topological sectors of the model. %K Scalar field %K spontaneous symmetry breaking %K topological defects %K superpotential %K BPS states. %U http://www.lajpe.org/mar12/10_LAJPE_602_Marcos_Souza_preprint_corr_f.pdf