%0 Journal Article
%T Host predilection and transmissibility of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains in domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and swine (Sus scrofa)
%A Paul F Smith
%A Elizabeth W Howerth
%A Deborah Carter
%A Elmer W Gray
%A Raymond Noblet
%A Roy D Berghaus
%A David E Stallknecht
%A Daniel G Mead
%J BMC Veterinary Research
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1746-6148-8-183
%X Clinical scores among viruses infecting cattle were significantly different and indicated that infection with a homologous virus resulted in more severe clinical presentation and greater extent and duration of viral shedding. No differences in clinical severity or extent and duration of viral shedding were detected in swine.Differences in clinical presentation and extent and duration of viral shedding may have direct impacts on viral spread during epidemics. Viral transmission via animal-to-animal contact and insect vectored transmission are likely to occur at higher rates when affected animals are presenting severe clinical signs and shedding high concentrations of virus. More virulent viral strains resulting in more severe disease in livestock hosts are expected to spread more rapidly and greater distances during epidemics than those causing mild or inapparent signs.Most vesicular stomatitis viruses have broad host ranges, infecting a large number of vertebrate and insect species [1]. In the United States, vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) is one of the causative agents of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in domestic livestock. Clinically affected animals typically present with vesicular lesions on the muzzle, tongue, lips, or coronary band, and occasionally the teats [2-4]. Vesicles usually rupture within 24-48 hr, leaving reddish ulcerations, which begin healing in 6-7 d [3]. Excessive salivation and a loss of appetite can occur when lesions are around the muzzle or in the oral cavity. In experimental settings, virus transmission by various biologically relevant routes including biological [5-9] and mechanical [10] insect transmission and animal-to-animal contact [11-14] has been demonstrated.Vesicular stomatitis has been described as sporadically epidemic in the western United States [15], with outbreaks occurring in 1982-83, 1984, 1995, 2004-2006, and most recently in 2009. Horses and cattle are the primary livestock hosts affected during outbreaks, altho
%K Contact transmission
%K Insect transmission
%K Host predilection
%K Vesicular stomatitis virus
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/183