%0 Journal Article
%T Identification of the NLS and NES motifs of VP2 from chicken anemia virus and the interaction of VP2 with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3
%A Jai-Hong Cheng
%A Shyang-Chwen Sheu
%A Yi-Yang Lien
%A Meng-Shiunn Lee
%A His-Jien Chen
%A Wen-Hong Su
%A Meng-Shiou Lee
%J BMC Veterinary Research
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1746-6148-8-15
%X An arginine-lysine rich NLS could be predicted by software and spanned from amino acids 133 to 138 of VP2. The critical amino acids residues between positions 136 and 138, and either residue 133 or 134 are important for nuclear import in mammalian cells based on systematic mutagenesis. A NES is also predicted in VP2; however the results suggest that no functional NES is present and that this protein is CRM1 independent. It was also shown that VP2 is a chromatin binding protein and, notably, using a co-immunoprecipitation assay, it was found that VP2 association with MCM3 and that this interaction does not require DSP activity.VP2 contains a NLS that span from amino acids 133 to 138. VP2 is a CRM1 independent protein during nuclear export and associates with MCM3 in cells.CAV is a small non-enveloped, single-stranded, circular DNA virus and was first isolated in Japan [1]. This virus belongs to the genus Gyrovirus of the Circoviridae family and causes a severe immunosuppressive syndrome and anemia in chickens [2]. It is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens and has a worldwide distribution. According to epidemiological studies, it has been shown that almost all newly hatched chicks are susceptible to CAV as a clinical syndrome, but not mature chickens [3]. Normally, young chickens, generally fewer than 2 weeks of age, are very susceptible to this virus through vertical transmission via hatching eggs [4]. The virus typically induces aplasia of the bone marrow and damage to lymphoid tissue, which causes anemia and acute immunodeficiency syndrome [5,6]. Up to the present, a large number of isolates, including strains from Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Germany, Malaysia, Nigeria, Slovenia, Taiwan and USA, have been reported and have had full or partial sequences published [7-9].The DNA genome of CAV is about 2.3 kb in size [10-12] and there are three ORFs present on the negative sense genome. At least three proteins are produced from a single polycistronic 2.1 kb mRN
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/15