%0 Journal Article
%T COX-1 AND COX-2 INHIBITORS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OVER COX-3 INHIBITORS
%A CHIRAG K. PATEL* AND PROF. DR. DHRUBO JYOTI SEN
%J International Journal of Drug Development & Research
%D 2009
%I Chauhan Publishers
%X ABSTRACTProstaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Two closelyrelated forms of the cyclooxygenase have been identified which are now known as COX-1 and COX-2. Both isoenzymes transformarachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. Meanwhile, the responsible genes andtheir regulation have been clarified. COX-1, the pre-dominantly constitutive form of the enzyme, is expressed throughout the body andperforms a number of homeostatic functions such as maintaining normal gastric mucosa and influencing renal blood flow and plateletaggregation. In contrast, the inducible form is expressed in response to inflammatory and other physiological stimuli and growth factors,and is involved in the production of the prostaglandins that mediate pain and support the inflammatory process. All the classic NSAIDsinhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 at standard anti-inflammatory doses. Simmons also recently co-discovered COX-3 in 2002 and analyzedthis new isozyme's relation to acetaminophen (paracetamol), arguably the most widely used analgesic drug in the world. The clinicalramifications and knowledge of COX isozymes are therefore rapidly expanding and could perhaps offer significant hope for futuretreatments of pain, inflammation and fever.
%K KEY WORDS: Cyclooxygenase (COX-1
%K COX-2
%K and COX-3)
%K Classic NSAIDs
%K Selective COX-2 inhibitors
%K COX-3 inhibitors
%U http://www.ijddr.com/PDF/16.pdf