%0 Journal Article
%T Digital Subtraction Phonocardiography (DSP) applied to the detection and characterization of heart murmurs
%A Mohammad Akbari
%A Kamran Hassani
%A John D Doyle
%A Mahdi Navidbakhsh
%A Maryam Sangargir
%A Kourosh Bajelani
%A Zahra Ahmadi
%J BioMedical Engineering OnLine
%D 2011
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1475-925x-10-109
%X We show that a new analytical technique, which we call Digital Subtraction Phonocardiography (DSP), can be used to separate the random murmur component of the phonocardiogram from the underlying deterministic heart sounds.We digitally recorded the phonocardiogram from the anterior chest wall in 60 infants and adults using a high-speed USB interface and the program Gold Wave http://www.goldwave.com webcite. The recordings included individuals with cardiac structural disease as well as recordings from normal individuals and from individuals with innocent heart murmurs. Digital Subtraction Analysis of the signal was performed using a custom computer program called Murmurgram. In essence, this program subtracts the recorded sound from two adjacent cardiac cycles to produce a difference signal, herein called a "murmurgram". Other software used included Spectrogram (Version 16), GoldWave (Version 5.55) as well as custom MATLAB code.Our preliminary data is presented as a series of eight cases. These cases show how advanced signal processing techniques can be used to separate heart sounds from murmurs. Note that these results are preliminary in that normal ranges for obtained test results have not yet been established.Cardiac murmurs can be separated from underlying deterministic heart sounds using DSP. DSP has the potential to become a reliable and economical new diagnostic approach to screening for structural heart disease. However, DSP must be further evaluated in a large series of patients with well-characterized pathology to determine its clinical potential.In the healthy cardiovascular system, blood flow is generally laminar in character. Under certain pathologic conditions, such as a narrowing of a heart valve or a small hole in the ventricular septum, blood flow becomes turbulent, and can be heard as a noise known as a murmur [1]. One difficulty for clinicians is that this murmur is only part of the total sound signal emitted from the heart, which also contains unde
%K Digital subtraction
%K phonocardiography
%K MATLAB
%K Murmurgram
%U http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/10/1/109