%0 Journal Article
%T Fatty liver in men is associated with high serum levels of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
%A Kaori Hosoyamada
%A Hirofumi Uto
%A Yasushi Imamura
%A Yasunari Hiramine
%A Eriko Toyokura
%A Yoshihiro Hidaka
%A Tomomi Kuwahara
%A Ken Kusano
%A Kazuto Saito
%A Makoto Oketani
%A Akio Ido
%A Hirohito Tsubouchi
%J Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1758-5996-4-34
%X We enrolled 476 male subjects. Serum sd-LDL-C concentrations were determined using precipitation assays.Subjects were divided into four groups based on triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C levels: A, TG£¿<£¿150£¿mg/dl and LDL-C£¿<£¿140£¿mg/dl; B, TG£¿<£¿150£¿mg/dl and LDL-C£¿¡Ý£¿140£¿mg/dl; C, TG£¿¡Ý£¿150£¿mg/dl and LDL-C£¿<£¿140£¿mg/dl; and D, TG£¿¡Ý£¿150£¿mg/dl and LDL-C£¿¡Ý£¿140£¿mg/dl. sd-LDL-C levels and the prevalence of fatty liver were significantly higher in groups B, C, and D than in group A. Subjects were also categorized into four groups based on serum sd-LDL-C levels; the prevalence of fatty liver significantly increased with increasing sd-LDL-C levels. Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between sd-LDL-C concentrations and fatty liver using such potential confounders as obesity and hyperglycemia as variables independent of elevated TG or LDL-C levels.Fatty liver is a significant determinant of serum sd-LDL-C levels independent of the presence of obesity or hyperglycemia. Fatty liver may alter hepatic metabolism of TG and LDL-C, resulting in increased sd-LDL-C levels.Atherogenic lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome or glucose intolerance are characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, elevated apolipoprotein B levels, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, and an increased proportion of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) particles [1-3]. Compared with large LDL, sd-LDL particles show increased penetration of the arterial wall, lower affinity for the LDL receptor, longer half-life in plasma, greater susceptibility to glycation, and lower resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting that sd-LDL is highly atherogenic [4,5]. Indeed, patients with high levels of sd-LDL particles were shown to have an approximately 3-fold increase in the risk of developing coronary heart disease compared with individuals with primarily large, buoyant LDL particles [6]. In addition, the sd-LDL-C concentration has been sugge
%K Small dense low-density lipoprotein
%K Fatty liver
%K Type 2 diabetes mellitus
%K Metabolic syndrome
%U http://www.dmsjournal.com/content/4/1/34