%0 Journal Article
%T Overexpression of aldo-keto-reductase in azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida glabrata determined by cDNA-AFLP
%A Shirin Farahyar
%A Farideh Zaini
%A Parivash Kordbacheh
%A Sassan Rezaie
%A Mahin Safara
%A Reza Raoofian
%A Mansour Heidari
%J DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
%D 2013
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/2008-2231-21-1
%X The clinical isolates of C. glabrata were collected in an epidemiological survey of candidal infection in immunocompromised patients and consisted of four fluconazole and itraconazole resistant isolates, two fluconazole and itraconazole sensitive isolates, and C. glabrata CBS 138 as reference strain. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of the organisms were determined beforehand by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The potential gene(s) implicated in antifungal resistance were investigated using complementary DNA- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of gene(s) in resistant isolates as compared to sensitive and reference strains.The aldo-keto-reductase superfamily (AKR gene) was upregulated in the resistant clinical isolates as assessed by cDNA-AFLP. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed AKR mRNA expression approximately twice that seen in the sensitive isolates. Overexpression of the AKR gene was associated with increased fluconazole and itraconazole resistance in C. glabrata. The data suggest that upregulation of the AKR gene might give a new insight into the mechanism of azole resistance.The incidence of fungal infections has increased over the past two decades. Opportunistic fungal infections occur in immunocompromised hosts [1], particularly among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), individuals receiving immunosuppressive therapy for organ or stem cell transplantation, and cancer patients [2]. Candida glabrata has emerged as a common fungal pathogen in many countries and is often reported as the second most prevalent species after C. albicans[3]. Candida glabrata appears to be innately resistant to fluconazole [4,5] and is less sensitive to it than C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, or C. tropicalis. Studies have shown that mechanisms of azole resistance in C. glabrata are often associated with the upregulation of the genes CgCDR1 (C. glabrata C
%K Azole
%K Aldo-keto-reductase
%K cDNA-AFLP
%K Candida glabrata
%K Semi-quantitative RT-PCR
%U http://www.darujps.com/content/21/1/1