%0 Journal Article
%T A Study on Production Water Footprint of Winter-Wheat and Maize in the North China Plain<br>华北平原小麦、玉米作物生产水足迹的研究
%A GE Liqiang
%A XIE Gaodi
%A LI Shimei
%A ZHANG Caixia
%A CHEN Long
%A <br>盖力强
%A 谢高地
%A 李士美
%A 张彩霞
%A 陈龙
%J 资源科学
%D 2010
%I 
%X Water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that accounts for not only the direct water consumption of a consumer or producer, but also the indirect water consumption. In general, water footprint can be regarded as a comprehensive indicator of freshwater resources appropriation, close to the traditional and restricted measure of water withdrawal. Based on the concept and calculation methods of water footprint, this paper estimates virtual water and water footprint of the production of major crops (i.e., winter wheat and summer maize) of the North China Plain, Hebei Province, Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, in year 2007. Furthermore, the study clarifies three types of impacts, i.e., evaporation of infiltrated rainwater for crop growth (green water use), withdrawal of ground- or surface water for irrigation or processing (blue water use), and water pollution during growth. The latter impact was quantified in terms of the dilution volume necessary to abate pollution. Results showed that the total crop production water footprint was roughly 345.07 billion m3 per year, 2.2 times of the total local water resources, from which it is clear that reduction in wheat and maize crop production water footprint seemed to be significant over the North China Plain. Of the total crop production water footprint, wheat accounted for 172 billion m3, and that of maize took up 173.07 billion m3. As for the wheat production water footprint, 30.85 billion m3 was considered green water footprint, 102.5 billion m3 was blue water footprint, and 38.65 billion m3 was grey water footprint. Concerning maize production water footprint, about 101.06 billion m3 was green water footprint, 26.92 billion m3 was blue water footprint, and 45.09 billion m3 was grey water footprint. The major volume of water to sustain wheat plant growth was from blue water, and the major volume of water to sustain maize plant came from green water (rainwater). In general, utilization of blue water can affect the environment more than does the green water use. Furthermore, green water use shows relatively few negative environmental impacts in that there is only a slight difference between the evapotranspiration from the crop field and the evapotranspiration that would take place in presence of natural vegetated cover. Therefore, the green water footprint seems to be of more importance in water resources management and environmental protection. The portion of the water footprint mitigating water requirements deserves attention as well.
%K Water footprint
%K Virtual water
%K Winter wheat
%K Summer maize
%K North China Plain<br>水足迹
%K 虚拟水
%K 小麦
%K 玉米
%K 华北平原
%U http://www.alljournals.cn/get_abstract_url.aspx?pcid=B5EDD921F3D863E289B22F36E70174A7007B5F5E43D63598017D41BB67247657&cid=B47B31F6349F979B&jid=9DEEAF23637E6E9539AD99BE6ABAB2B3&aid=268A35AA34CA317B0CF81302089C6EA9&yid=140ECF96957D60B2&vid=9971A5E270697F23&iid=708DD6B15D2464E8&sid=ADC771006BF99B57&eid=6E3B915514BCF8E8&journal_id=1007-7588&journal_name=资源科学&referenced_num=0&reference_num=27