%0 Journal Article
%T GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS<br>全球主要火山灾害及其分布特征
%A Hong Hanjing Zheng Xiuzhen Yu Yong Liu Peixun Tao Wei
%A <br>洪汉净
%A 郑秀珍
%A 于泳
%A 刘培洵
%A 陶玮
%J 第四纪研究
%D 2003
%I 
%X Volcanic hazards have different types and risk factors, such as tephra falls, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, gases, lahars, avalanches and tsunamis. In this paper we discuss the physical processes and special disaster. Based on the catalog of active volcanoes of the world and volcano eruption database,the patterns of global distribution of volcanic hazards waere studied in this paper. Global volcanic hazards are mainly distributed in 8 regions: Southeast Asia Hazard Region, Middle America Hazard Region, Middle Africa Hazard Region, East Asia Hazard Region, North America Hazard Region, North Europe Hazard Region, New Zealand Hazard Region and South America Hazard Region. The features of volcanic hazards in these regions are depicted. Statistics of recorded volcanic hazards are showed as the distribution of hazard numbers with latitudes and longitudes. A majority of volcanic hazards took place in the tropic area, that accounts for 73% of hazard records around the world, much higher than the proportion of the volcano eruptions. The most intense volcanic hazards occurred in two tropic areas, each consists of three branches, and both are tectonic complex situated on the conjunction of plates, and surrounding a margin of sea: Banda Sea in Southeast Asia Hazard Region and Caribbean Sea in Middle America Hazard Region. The third region in the tropic area is the Middle Africa Hazard Region with mantle plume as its own geodynamic background.The temporal distribution was studied in this paper. The hazard types are different, some volcanoes cause some certain hazards, and others have various forms of hazard. Mild volcanic hazard takes place several tens times every year. Severe volcanic hazards are rare in the history, 6 events with more than 10 000 deaths occurred in recent 300 years. The time intervals of these severe fatalities are different: the short one is less than 10 years, and the longest one is over 80 years.Most volcanic hazards in China were localized around the craters; the dominant activities were lava flow and small-scale eruptions. In China, Chanbaishan Tianchi Volcano had the largest hazard in the history, and is the most dangerous volcano with potential eruption in the future.The formation and distribution of volcanic hazards have their special characteristics. A better understanding of the different distribution between volcano eruptions and volcanic hazards is necessary for integrated volcano hazard mitigation, such as hazard zoning, volcano eruption warning, and emergency evacuation.
%K volcanic hazards
%K risk factors
%K global distribution
%K pyroclastic flows
%K lahars<br>火山灾害
%K 致灾因子
%K 全球分布
%K 火山碎屑流
%K 火山泥流
%U http://www.alljournals.cn/get_abstract_url.aspx?pcid=E62459D214FD64A3C8082E4ED1ABABED5711027BBBDDD35B&cid=621CF755B1A341E5&jid=EA07051745CDC8D89D5F01A3A4CFE6A9&aid=70D6223BD8EAB945&yid=D43C4A19B2EE3C0A&vid=EA389574707BDED3&iid=B31275AF3241DB2D&sid=65FC738C50B41E43&eid=70E3F4DEB0172F14&journal_id=1001-7410&journal_name=第四纪研究&referenced_num=1&reference_num=28