%0 Journal Article
%T Assessment of Benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Residential Indoor versus Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposing Young Children in New York City
%A Kyung Hwa Jung
%A Beizhan Yan
%A Steven N. Chillrud
%A Frederica P. Perera
%A Robin Whyatt
%A David Camann
%A Patrick L. Kinney
%A Rachel L. Miller
%J International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
%D 2010
%I MDPI AG
%R 10.3390/ijerph7051889
%X The application of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-toxic equivalent factor to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations can provide a more accurate risk assessment from environmental exposure to PAH. We hypothesized that BaP-equivalent toxicity determined following residential air monitoring among young urban children may vary by season. Residential indoor and outdoor air levels of PAH measured over two-weeks in a cohort of 5¨C6 year old children (n = 260) in New York City were normalized to the cancer and mutagen potency equivalent factor of BaP (BaP = 1). Data are presented as carcinogenic equivalents (BaP-TEQ) and mutagenic equivalents (BaP-MEQ) for the sum of 8 PAH (¡Æ 8PAH; MW 3 228) and individual PAH and compared across heating versus nonheating seasons. Results show that heating compared to nonheating season was associated significantly with higher (BaP-TEQ) ¡Æ8PAH and (BaP-MEQ) ¡Æ8PAH both indoors and outdoors (p < 0.001). Outdoor (BaP-TEQ) ¡Æ8PAH and (BaP-MEQ) ¡Æ8PAH were significantly higher than the corresponding indoor measures during the heating season (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that at levels encountered in New York City air, especially during the heating season, residential exposure to PAH may pose an increased risk of cancer and mutation.
%K risk assessment
%K PAH
%K BaP-equivalents
%K TEF
%K MEF
%K heating season
%K indoor
%K outdoor
%K and children
%U http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/7/5/1889