%0 Journal Article
%T Frugivores and their food plants: have they coevolved?<br>食果动物与被取食植物的相互关系:协同进化?
%A LIU Yong
%A CHEN JinXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Carden
%A Chinese Academy of Sciences
%A Mengla
%A Yunnan
%A <br>刘勇
%A 陈进
%J 生物多样性
%D 2002
%I Science Press
%X Whether a coevolutionary relationship exists between frugivores and their food plants has beenargued for 30 years. Plant seeds dispersed by frugivores provide many advantages to plants, which mayinclude escaping from the parents where seed or seedling predators are disproportionately abundant, colo-nizing new habitat patches and increasing gene flow. Simultaneously, frugivores obtain nutritional and en-ergetic rewards as a consequence of digesting fruit pulp. The unique attributes of these two partners maygive rise to a coevolutionary relationship. This concept stimulated studies on this field in early years.Some studies suggested that " diffuse coevolution" between plants and their dispersers might exist, whichmay occur at the level of genus or family. Alternatively, the relationship may be one of just functional e-quivalence with no relationship to traditional taxonomy. It is also suggested that the evolution of seed dis-persal systems is mainly determined by a few key dispersers and plants, which may control the evolutionof related traits of other species. The defense scenario hypothesis, however, suggests that fleshy pulp offruits was produced originally as a kind of defensive structure to protect seeds, only later becoming traitsto promote seed dispersal. In recent years, many studies have suggested that the selective pressure be-tween dispersers and plants is rather weak. Suitable sites for seed germination and seedling establishmentare temporally and spatially unpredictable. Evolutionary rates of herbivores and their food plants are une-qual. High unpredictability and asymmetry of interaction, coupled with an important influence of abioticfactors, means that the influences of mutual selection pressures between plants and seed dispersers aregreatly eonstrained. The evolutionary interaction between frugivores and plants in seed dispersal should bere-evaluated. Attention should be paid to the complexity and the diversity of the relationship between fru-givores and plants. Comparative studies on the systematics of related species to evaluate the possible in-fluence from the interaction of plants and their frugivores upon the specification of species may providepowerful evidence for coevolution. Furthermore, the influences of frugivore-plant interactions on ecologi-cal dynamics and conservation will continue to be a hot topic.
%K 食果动物
%K 种子传播
%K 协同进化
%U http://www.alljournals.cn/get_abstract_url.aspx?pcid=90BA3D13E7F3BC869AC96FB3DA594E3FE34FBF7B8BC0E591&jid=284A3BE2D09272C2DA95716775015427&aid=A1B88EF9591C88A5&yid=C3ACC247184A22C1&vid=F3090AE9B60B7ED1&iid=0B39A22176CE99FB&sid=527AEE9F3446633A&eid=AD16A18DBD734D13&journal_id=1005-0094&journal_name=生物多样性&referenced_num=0&reference_num=63