%0 Journal Article
%T FGFR3, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA Mutations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential as Biomarkers for Surveillance and Therapy
%A Lucie C. Kompier
%A Irene Lurkin
%A Madelon N. M. van der Aa
%A Bas W. G. van Rhijn
%A Theo H. van der Kwast
%A Ellen C. Zwarthoff
%J PLOS ONE
%D 2012
%I Public Library of Science (PLoS)
%R 10.1371/journal.pone.0013821
%X Fifty percent of patients with muscle¨Cinvasive bladder cancer (MI-BC) die from their disease and current chemotherapy treatment only marginally increases survival. Novel therapies targeting receptor tyrosine kinases or activated oncogenes may improve outcome. Hence, it is necessary to stratify patients based on mutations in relevant oncogenes. Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMI-BC) have excellent survival, however two-thirds develop recurrences. Tumor specific mutations can be used to detect recurrences in urine assays, presenting a more patient-friendly diagnostic procedure than cystoscopy.
%U http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013821