%0 Journal Article
%T Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of H. Influenzae and, S. pneumoniae Isolates from Clinical Samples of Patients in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
%J Journal of Microbiology Research
%@ 2166-5931
%D 2013
%I 
%R 10.5923/j.microbiology.20130301.09
%X Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are important causes of community acquired respiratory tract infections including, pneumonia, acute sinusitis, otitis media and meningitis, Pneumococcal infections are more common in the very young and very old individuals. The ability to effectively treat bacterial infections has been compromised in recent years due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, particularly to ¦Â-lactam drugs. The objective of the present study was to investigate the rate of isolation and antibiograms of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae from clinical samples of patients in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and the screening of antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts. Clinical samples were collected randomly from 289 individuals from different hospitals of Mthatha district, between February, 2010 and May 2011. H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were isolated and positively identified by using morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted on these pathogens using the agar diffusion test. MIC breakpoints were determined using E-test strips. A total of 289 patients were included in this study. From a total of 475 clinical samples tested, 323 (68.0%) were positive for both H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. Most of the positive isolates were obtained from children under 9 years. Out of 323 isolates, 187(57.89%) were positive for H. influenzae and 136 (42.1%) were positive for S. pneumoniae. From 10 hospitals selected for sampling in this study, Mthatha General Hospital recorded the highest number of isolates, 42 (25.15%) and 31 (22.79%) of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae positive isolates, followed by Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital 33 (19.76%). ST. Patricks 8 (4.79%) recorded the least number of isolates for H. influenzae, while Khotsong 4 (2.94%) recorded the least number of isolates for S. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed Amoxicillin (MIC50,0.125¦Ìg/ml) and Vancomycin (MIC50,0.12¦Ìg/ml) as the most effective antibiotics against S. pneumoniae isolates and Co-amoxiclav (MIC50,0.3¦Ìg/ml) and Cefuroxime (MIC50,0.15¦Ìg/ml) against H. influenzae isolates. Cassine transvalensis showed the highest antibacterial MIC activity (0.16¦Ìg/ml and 0.32¦Ìg/ml), while Lycium inerme showed the least MIC activity (0.04¦Ìg/ml) for both organisms. These data highlight the need for education, training on vaccination programmes and to consider predominant resistance when choosing empiric therapies to treat bacterial infections.
%K Antibiotics
%K Antibiotic Resistance
%K Infections
%K Susceptibility Test
%K Pathogens
%K Methanolic Extracts
%U http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.microbiology.20130301.09.html