%0 Journal Article %T Food and Water Security in the Arab World and Sudan: Status and Threats %J Resources and Environment %@ 2163-2634 %D 2012 %I %R 10.5923/j.re.20120206.03 %X Emphasizing the importance of food and water security, this study aimed at studying and analysing food and water security situation in the Arab World with special emphasis on Sudan. The Study employed descriptive statistics using secondary data collected from various sources. Results obtained indicated that food consumption gap in the Arab World increased by 24% in 2010 compared to 1973. Results obtained indicated that the per capita available water in the Arab World decreased from 3430 m3 in 1960 to 1250m3 in 2000 to 876 m3 in 2010. A further decline in per capita available water to 667m3 in 2025 and 500m3 in 2050 is expected. These figures reflects a threatening situation for water and food security in the Arab World during the current century bearing in mind that the water poverty line is estimated at 1000m3.The separation of Sudan into two countries has adversely affected the per capita available water in the democratic republic of Sudan. Results of the study proved that the self-sufficiency ratio of cereals in Sudan was less than 100% for most of the seasons during the period 1986/87-2006/07 indicating that production of cereal crops is below the consumption requirements of Sudanese people. The shift in consumption habits towards wheat in Sudan coupled with low comparative advantage resulted in low wheat self-sufficiency ratio during the period 1986/87-2007/08. This low self-sufficiency ratio in wheat gives an indication that the shortage in available food is mainly attributed to the significant consumption gap in wheat. Results indicated that wheat imports are real burden on Sudanese economy absorbing most of the foreign exchange generated from exports of Agricultural sector. Results obtained indicated that water productivity of Sorghum, Wheat and Groundnut grown in Gezira scheme in Sudan was very low compared to the average international water productivity. Based on the results of the study we recommend the allocation ofsubstantial financial resources to enhance food production, investment in water projects and efficient use of water with special consideration of health threats associated with the implementation of water projects. Development of along-termwater and food production plan for the Arab countries based on the principles of cooperation and equitable distribution is highly recommended. %K Climate Change %K Health Risks %K Water Poverty line %U http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.re.20120206.03.html