%0 Journal Article
%T Stress and Coping Mechanisms Among Breast Cancer Patients and Family Caregivers: A Review of Literature
%A KP Mukwato
%A P Mweemba
%A MK Makukula
%A MM Makoleka
%J Medical Journal of Zambia
%D 2010
%I 
%X Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women worldwide accounting for 23% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. It is also the leading cause of cancer mortality, representing 14.1%. In Zambia, it is second to cervical cancer and its incidence is steadily increasing. A diagnosis of cancer regardless of stage is a stressful event impacting on all facets of the patient¡¯s life and that of her family caregivers. To minimize the impact, adaptive coping mechanisms are required. Aim of the review: The aim of the review was to gain an in-depth understanding of the stress and coping mechanisms used by breast cancer patients and family caregivers. Materials and methods: A comprehensive review of publications for the period 1980-2010 cited on Pub Med, Hinari, British National Index, African Journal Online was undertaken. Search terms included ¡°stress¡±, ¡°coping¡±, ¡°breast cancer¡±, ¡°coping mechanisms¡±, ¡°coping mechanisms by breast cancer patients and family care givers¡±. Search Results: Of the 22 articles reviewed, 13 focused on coping with breast cancer, 5 on stress and adaptation to cancer and the last 4 on experiences of family members on care of the terminally ill. Eighteen of the 22 used solely qualitative methodology while 4 used mixed methods. Analysis of the articles revealed 4 predominant coping mechanisms for both the patient and family: (a) seeking social support, (b) reliance on God, (c) positive suggestion/attitude or re-affirmation and (d) acquisition of information and education. Conclusions: A diagnosis of breast cancer is a stressor to both the patient and the family caregivers.Coping mechanisms/strategies are therefore required in order to adapt.
%U http://www.ajol.info/index.php/mjz/article/view/75653