%0 Journal Article %T Insufici¨ºncia respirat¨®ria aguda durante anestesia pedi¨¢trica: atelectasia e pneumot¨®rax hipertensivo: relato de caso %A Rezende %A Joel Massari %A Silveira %A Bruno Ricciardi %J Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia %D 2012 %I Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia %R 10.1590/S0034-70942012000100011 %X background and objectives: the main anesthesiologist's task is to ensure appropriate oxygenation of patient. the objective of this report is to describe both diagnosis and behavior in case of acute respiratory failure during anesthesia, with educational purposes. case report: three-year-old child underwent anesthesia for urologic surgery presented respiratory failure by bronchial obstruction by secretion, evolving to atelectasis and hypertensive pneumothorax. we present the evolution of the case and applied treatment means, emphasizing the urgency and drainage technique in hypertensive pneumothorax. conclusions: the anesthesiologist's attention to early diagnosis of respiratory complications and knowledge of priority measures in each moment may prevent serious adverse effects %K respiratory insufficiency %K child [hospitalized] %K pulmonary atelectasis. %U http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0034-70942012000100011&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en