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Jun 13, 2025Open    Access

The Influence of ESG Factors on Sovereign Credit Ratings in Sub-Saharan Africa: A LASSO and Random Forest Approach

Madina Ishimwe,Milliam Niyonshuti,Min Su,Clement Mintah,Edward Appau Nketiah,Emefa Garnet
This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on sovereign credit ratings in Sub-Saharan African countries using LASSO and Random Forest models. Sovereign credit ratings, issued by major rating agencies, play a crucial role in determining a country’s borrowing costs and investment attractiveness. Traditionally, these ratings have been influenced by macroeconomic factors; however, recent trends suggest that ESG considerations are becoming increasingly relev...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1113346


Jul 31, 2024Open    Access

Resource Conservation Strategies, Visitor Experience, and Satisfaction at Natural Parks in Bicol Region, Philippines

Niño R. Rebuya,Maria Fe L. Meñez
The increasing popularity of natural parks as tourist destinations presents economic benefits but also environmental challenges, necessitating a balance between conservation and visitor experience. This study in the Bicol region, Philippines, examines the relationship among resource conservation strategies, visitor experience, and satisfaction at natural parks governed by the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design and stratif...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1111863


Dec 27, 2022Open    Access

Europe Can Have Sustainable Gas Supplies from Mediterranian Gas Reserves

Ihab Elokda, Syed Kamran Ali
The Russia-Ukraine military conflict is unfolding social and economic consequences far beyond the central Asian or Eurasian borders. European nations found themselves paying the highest gas price in history to meet their energy requirements. Options available for Europe to deal with this situation are: 1) Increased European Gas Production; 2) Increased LNG Imports from US and Asia; 3) Increased Gas Imports via Pipelines from Neighbouring Areas. Given the recent exponential rise in LNG prices, Eu...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.9, 2022
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1109498


Sep 23, 2014Open    Access

Energy Pricing in Developing Countries

Sara Nada, M. Hamed
This paper investigates the electric energy tariff in the developing countries on the basis of per unit system analysis. The smallest actual value of a tariff in the sample of countries is considered as the base for the studied system and so, a comparison is done. A tariff map is proposed for the dynamic variation of tariffs in different countries where the map becomes as a texture image. This simplifies comments and conclusions for the tariff traveling within others. The sample of countries is ...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.1, 2014
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1100869


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