The ability to study bacteria at the single cell level has advanced our insights into microbial physiology and genetics in ways not attainable by studying large populations using more traditional culturing methods. To improve methods to characterize bacteria at the cellular level, we developed a new microfluidic platform that enables cells to be exposed to metabolites in a gradient of concentrations. By designing low-cost, three-dimensional devices with adhesive tapes and tailoring them for bact...

Electric Engineering  Biological Materials  Mycology  Biological Chemistry  Veterinary Medicine  Molecular Biology  Toxicology  Computer Engineering  Microbiology  Biochemistry  Agricultural Engineering  Biodiversity  Developmental Biology  Bioengineering  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences  Biological Engineering  Biotechnology  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Hydrology  Genomics  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Analytical Chemistry 

Doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b01031

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. To assess the severity of nematode infestations in the field, SCN egg population densities are determined. Cysts (dead females) of the nematode must be extracted from soil samples and then ground to extract the eggs within. Sucrose centrifugation commonly is used to separate debris from suspensions of extracted nematode eggs. We present a method using OptiPrep as a density gradie...

Veterinary Medicine  Taxonomy  Automata  Agricultural Engineering  Environmental Sciences  Environmental Sciences  Animal Behavior  Agricultural Science  Biological Engineering  Genomics  Chemical Engineering & Technology  Genetics  Food Science & Technology  Electric Engineering  Industrial Engineering  Computer Engineering  Biochemistry  Biodiversity  Bioengineering  Geology  Hydrology  Parasitology  Plant Science  Soil Science  Synthetic Biology  Agronomy 

Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223386

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental requirement for good health and is also a human right. The monitoring of water supplies for the detection of faecal pollution is an important aspect for the detection of pathogenic bacteria, responsible for diseases such as gastroenteritis, cholera and bacillary dysentery thus representing serious health hazards. Most drinking water suppliers rely on faecal indicators, such as the well-established Escherichia coli (E. coli) or the total coliform enu...

Hydrology  Microbiology  Biophysics 

Doi:-

In many developing countries, rapid urbanization, disaster risks and affectability pose a great problem. Uncontrolled developments will bring out the inherent risks related with high-density environments and inadequate infrastructure. Advances in mapping hazardous areas have created new opportunities for assessing population vulnerabilities, doing designs to withstand against destructive forces and reducing losses. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the most used methods including ...

Hydrology 

Doi:10.21324/dacd.267200

In the study presented, to define monthly rainfall-runoff relation, a water budget model based on Budyko approach was used. Proposed five-parameter model requires only monthly mean precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data as input. The study region covers the Nif Creek located at the Gediz Basin. Model was calibrated with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To validate the performance of model calibrated via PSO, statistical measures were assessed. The results derived from th...

Hydrology 

Doi:10.21324/dacd.78858

This study focuses on the graphical and mathematical representations of some important hydrological datasets (annual and monthly mean flow, flood hydrographs) available for Dragoia hydrometric station, situated in the south of the upper sector of Desnatui river basin, the biggest first order tributary of Danube river between Jiu river and Cerna river. The data entries were evaluated after the frequential hydrology principles, the temporal scenario revealed by the calcula being correlated to the ...

Hydrology  Natural Geography 

For centuries, the oasis dwellers of the Béni Ounif used techniques for acquisition of groundwater to meet the domestic needs of the population of Ksar and garden irrigation. The oasis dwellers were able to master the management of water through these processes. Despite a low annual rainfall, they were able to manage critical situations of prolonged droughts while protecting their environment. These ancient techniques such as traditional wells including foggaras have proven effective in the past...

Hydrology  Natural Geography 

Bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships, also called regional curves, relate bankfull stream channel dimensions and discharge to watershed drainage area. This paper describes results of bankfull curve relationships developed for the temperate rainforests of the Southern Appalachian Mountains primarily on Western North Carolina Mountain streams in the Southeastern United States. Gauge stations for small and larger catchments were selected with a range of 10 to 50 years of continuous or peak dis...

Hydrology  Natural Geography  Geomorphology