%0 Journal Article
%T The Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Abia State
%A Onuka Okorie
%A Ahukanna John
%A M. Gidado
%A Gabriel Akang
%A Ubochioma Emperor
%A Enogu Rupert
%A Ibeziako Vivian
%A Emmanuel Meribole
%A Pius Osakwe
%J Advances in Infectious Diseases
%P 63-69
%@ 2164-2656
%D 2016
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/aid.2016.62009
%X Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis and transmitted</span><span class=\"apple-converted-space\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">from person to person, through inhalation
of droplet nuclei aerosolized by coughing of an infected&nbsp;person. It
reached epidemic proportions in Europe and North America during the 18th and
19th&nbsp;centuries. The incubation period is 2 - 6 weeks and the control has
been complicated with emergence of HIV and drug-resistant TB. In 1993, World
Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a&nbsp;global emergency. However, despite
the concerted effort of National TB control programs, adoption and
implementation of Stop TB strategy, TB has remained a major public health
challenge&nbsp;with high mortality rate, especially in developing countries.
Methodology: This is a descriptive&nbsp;study, evaluated using the
positivist/quantitative approach. The study was conducted at FederalMedical
Centre Umuahia, a tertiary specialist hospital with comprehensive TB/HIV
treatment services. All the presumptive drug-resistant TB cases and symptomatic
PLHIV were screened for HIV&nbsp;and their sputum specimens were tested for
tuberculosis using the Gene xpert and the Ziehl-&nbsp;Neelsen technique for
detecting Acid Fast bacilli. A pretested structured questionnaire was used
tocollect the demographic data and other essential data from the presumptive TB
and laboratory&nbsp;registers such as total number of TB presumptive cases registered
HIV status, AFB status and rifampicin status within the study period. Result: A
total of 493 presumptive TB cases were&nbsp;screened&nbsp;in the study, 49.9%
were HIV positive while 50.05% were HIV negative. More so, 77.85% of
thescreened cases were AFB negative and 22.15% were AFB positive. Moreover, 11%
of the TB/HIV&nbsp;co-infected patients were rifampicin positive. Interestingly
among the 493 cases screened with&nbsp;gene xpert machine, 3.6% were rifampicin
positive. Furthermore, 3.6% of the HIV negative cases were rifampicin positive
while 1.6% of the HIV positive cases were rifampicin positive. Discussion: The
data depict lower rifampicin resistance among HIV positive cases than HIV
negative cases. The implication for public health professionals is to intensify
equitable and unbiased search for resistant TB cases among smear negative and
positive cases.
%K Multidrug Resistant TB
%K among People Living with HIV
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=67504