%0 Journal Article %T Resting state functional connectivity predicts neurofeedback response %A Dustin Scheinost %A Christopher Pittenger %A Michelle Hampson %J Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience %D 2014 %I Frontiers Media %R 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00338 %X Tailoring treatments to the specific needs and biology of individual patients ¨C personalized medicine ¨C requires delineation of reliable predictors of response. Unfortunately, these have been slow to emerge, especially in neuropsychiatric disorders. We have recently described a real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback protocol that can reduce contamination-related anxiety, a prominent symptom of many cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individual response to this intervention is variable. Here we used patterns of brain functional connectivity, as measured by baseline resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), to predict improvements in contamination anxiety after neurofeedback training. Activity of a region of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area (BA) 10, associated with contamination anxiety in each subject was measured in real time and presented as a neurofeedback signal, permitting subjects to learn to modulate this target brain region. We have previously reported both enhanced OFC/BA 10 control and improved anxiety in a group of subclinically anxious subjects after neurofeedback. Five individuals with contamination-related OCD who underwent the same protocol also showed improved clinical symptomatology. In both groups, these behavioral improvements were strongly correlated with baseline whole-brain connectivity in the OFC/BA 10, computed from rs-fMRI collected several days prior to neurofeedback training. These pilot data suggest that rs-fMRI can be used to identify individuals likely to benefit from rt-fMRI neurofeedback training to control contamination anxiety. %K Neurofeedback %K realtime fMRI %K rtfMRI %K real-time fMRI %K resting state connectivity %K Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder %K orbitofrontal cortex %U http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00338/abstract