%0 Journal Article
%T Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Surface Ozone and Its Precursors in the Atmosphere of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
%A Hesham A. Al-Jeelani
%J Journal of Environmental Protection
%P 408-422
%@ 2152-2219
%D 2014
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jep.2014.55044
%X <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;\">
	<span lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Surface
ozone (O</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">3</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">) and its precursor¡¯s gases (nitrogen monoxide (NO),
nitrogen dioxide (NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">), nitrogen oxides (NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">x</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">), carbon monoxide
(CO), methane (CH</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">4</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and sulfur
dioxide (SO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">) were measured in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia from January
2004-December 2004. The annual average concentrations of O</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">3</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, NO, NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,
NOx, SO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, CO, CH</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">4</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, TNMHCs and THC were 22.51 ppb, 15.58
ppb, 17.25 ppb, 23.84 ppb, 6.66 ppb, 165.13 ppb, 3.44 ppm, 0.56 ppm and 3.88
ppm, respectively. The SO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">/NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">x</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> and SO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">/NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> concentration ratios during the period of study indicate that the mobile
emissions are the predominant sources in yanbu. The diurnal cycles of O</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">3</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> concentrations revealed highest levels in the daytime and lowest levels in
night time. The diurnal variations of NO, NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, NO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">x</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">, SO</span><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,
CO, NMHCs
%K Ozone
%K Precursors
%K Diurnal and Seasonal
%K Urban
%K Saudi Arabia
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=44977