%0 Journal Article
%T Maternal and infant vitamin D status during lactation: Is latitude important?
%A Carol L. Wagner
%A Cynthia R. Howard
%A Thomas C. Hulsey
%A Ruth A. Lawrence
%A Myla Ebeling
%A Judy Shary
%A Pamela G. Smith
%A Kristen Morella
%A Sarah N. Taylor
%A Bruce W. Hollis
%J Health
%P 2004-2013
%@ 1949-5005
%D 2013
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/health.2013.512271
%X <p style=\"text-align:justify;\">
	<span style=\"font-family:Verdana;font-size:10pt;\">Background: The effect of latitude on maternal and infant vitamin D status during lactation is presumed to be strongly associated with higher rates of deficiency in those living at higher latitudes, yet with lifestyle changes, this conclusion may no longer be correct. Objective: To ascertain if higher latitude adversely affects the vitamin D status of lactating women and their fully breastfeeding infants. Study Design/Methods: Fully breastfeeding women and their infants were eligible for participation in this study as part of a larger prospective vitamin D supplementation trial. Women were recruited from two sites of differing latitude: Charleston, SC at 32<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">¡ă</span>N and Rochester, NY at latitude 43<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">¡ă</span>N. Maternal and infant baseline vitamin D status, intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH), serum calcium and phosphorus as a function of site/latitude were measured. The primary outcome was maternal and infant total circulating 25(OH)D at baseline by center/latitude, and the secondary outcome was the percent of women and infants who had achieved a baseline concentration of at least 20 ng/mL, meeting the Institute of Medicine¡¯s definition of sufficiency at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.3. Results: Higher latitude adversely affected vitamin D status only in lactating Caucasian women. African American and Hispanic women and infants living in Rochester compared to Charleston had improved vitamin D status, an effect that was no longer significant when controlling for </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;font-size:10pt;\">socioeconomic factors and season. Overall, there</span><SPAN style=\"FONT-FAMILY: ; FONT-SIZE: 10pt\" ?=\"\"> <span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">was a significant vitamin D deficiency at baseline in</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> lactating mothers, and a far greater deficiency in their infants. Maternal baseline 25(OH)D concentration remained positively associated with </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">being Caucasian, BMI and summer months. Breast</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">feeding infant vitamin D status mirrored maternal status and remained positively associated </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">with being Caucasian and summer months. Those</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> infants who had been on a vitamin D supplement at the time of enrollment in the study had markedly
%K Vitamin D
%K Cholecalciferol
%K Lactation
%K Latitude
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=40890