%0 Journal Article
%T Searching for the Lost Ostium: A Morphometric Analysis of the Ureteral Ostia Distribution in Normal and Thickened Bladders and Its Applications in Endourology
%A Mariana Greco
%A Paula Marsillac
%A Julia Vieira
%A Mario Brito
%A Andre Saud
%A Rafael Prinz
%A Joao Pereira-Correia
%J Open Journal of Urology
%P 150-154
%@ 2160-5629
%D 2013
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/oju.2013.33028
%X <p class=\"MsoNormal\">
	<b><span lang=\"EN-US\">Introduction</span></b><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">:</span></b><span lang=\"EN-US\"> The ureteral ostia may not be easily identified in urological endoscopic procedures, leading to an incom</span><span lang=\"EN-US\">plete diagnosis of urinary tract diseases or a predisposition to iatrogenic lesions. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the anatomical distribution of ureteralostia in normal bladders and those with thickened walls. <b>Materials and Methods</b></span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">:</span></b><span lang=\"EN-US\"> We dissected 30 vesical-prostate blocks from human cadavers and identified the ostia of the bladder trigone. A comput</span><span lang=\"EN-US\">erized morphometric analysis was performed to measure the thickness of the detrusor muscle, the distances between the ureteral ostia themselves and the distances between each ureteral ostium (left¡ªLUO and right¡ªRUO) and the internal urethral ostium (IUO). The angle formed between the IUO and LUO/RUO was also recorded as well as the volume of the prostates. <b>Results</b></span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">:</span></b><span lang=\"EN-US\"> Fifteen bladders with a non-thickened detrusor (&lt;5 mm) as well as 15 bladders with muscular thickening (&gt;6 mm) were identified. The average prostatic volume of the dissected blocks was 23.7 cm<sup>3</sup>. The distance between ureteral ostia, the distance from IUO to LUO, the distance from IUO to RUO and the angle formed between IUO and LUO/RUO in normal and thickened bladder were, respectively, 1.9 cm/2.2 cm (p</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">=</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">0.09), 1.6 cm/1.6 cm (p</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">=</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">0.82), 1.6 cm/1.7 cm (p</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">=</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">0.79) and 77/91 (p</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">=</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\">0.17).<b> Conclusions</b></span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">:</span></b><span lang=\"EN-US\"> Our study shows that there is no significant differ</span><span lang=\"EN-US\">ence in the position of bladder ostia in healthy and thickened bladders. We believe that our findings may facilitate lo</span><span lang=\"EN-US\">cating the ureteral orifices in situations where endoscopic identification is difficult.</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><!--?xml:namespace prefix = o /--><o:p></o:p></span> 
</p>
%K Ureteral Orifice
%K Cystoscopy
%K Bladder
%K Anatomy
%K Internal Urethral Orifice
%K Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
%K Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=33639