%0 Journal Article %T On the lower boundary of the Floian Stage in Estonia %A Helje P£¿rnaste %A Viive Viira %J Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences %D 2012 %I Estonian Academy Publishers %R 10.3176/earth.2012.4.02 %X The lower boundary of the Second Stage of the Lower Ordovician Series, the Floian Stage, is defined by the first appearance of the graptolite Tetragraptus approximatus. In the stratotype section of Diabasbrottet at Hunneberg, southern Sweden, the boundary falls within the Megistaspis planilimbata trilobite Zone and within the Oelandodus elongatus¨CAcodus deltatus deltatus conodont Subzone of the Paroistodus proteus Zone, and within the Hunneberg Regional Stage. Graptolites, including the index species T. approximatus, are missing in the terrigenous sediment of Estonia. The earliest trilobites are poorly preserved in this terrigenous succession. They represent an interval older than the Megalaspides dalecarlicus Zone but probably younger than the M. planilimbata Zone, and are correlative to the Prioniodus elegans conodont Zone. Thus the lower boundary of the Second Stage can be detected using mainly conodonts. In accordance with conodont occurrence, the base of the Floian (i.e. somewhat higher than the base of the O. elongatus¨CA. d. deltatus Subzone) falls within the Joa Member of the Leetse Formation. Probable levels have been suggested in some localities. Thus the lower part of the Leetse Formation belongs to the Tremadoc Stage, and to the Hunneberg Regional Stage. %K Hunneberg %K Billingen %K Floian %K graptolites %K conodonts %K trilobites %K Baltoscandia. %U http://www.kirj.ee/public/Estonian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences/2012/issue_4/earth-2012-4-205-209.pdf