%0 Journal Article %T St. John le calviniste, ou l¡¯¨¦mule de Gil-Martin Charlotte Bront ¡¯s Calvinist St. John Emulating James Hogg¡¯s Gil-Martin %A Jean Berton %J Revue LISA / LISA e-journal %D 2009 %I Maison de la Recherche en Sciences Humaines %R 10.4000/lisa.833 %X This article aims to show how far Hogg¡¯s archetypal character, Gil-Martin, influenced Charlotte Bront ¡¯s enigmatic character, St. John, who appears in chapters XXVI to XXXV and is mentioned again in the conclusion of Jane Eyre. Some unexpected words, like ¡°glen¡±, in a greater Yorkshire area, operate as keywords to a ¡°deep context¡± study in a neo-contextualist approach. Even though St. John cannot be mistaken for a double of Gil-Martin, a fair number of details tend to prove that James Hogg¡¯s Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner deeply influenced Charlotte Bront ¡ªboth pride-driven St. John and Gil-Martin stand for demonic despotism. Yet, if Gil-Martin is a straightforward Gothic illustration of Satan, St. John is a reincarnation of a marble-cold Apollo in a dogma-trapped Calvinist. Bront ¡¯s intention was not so much to denounce noxious excesses in religious beliefs as to set her heroine¡¯s wise independence against nefarious male domination: whereas victimised Robert Wringhim is driven to despair and suicide, self-reliant Jane Eyre escapes from St. John¡¯s grip. In both narratives relationships between men and women are shown as tragically warped by religious behavioural extravagance, but only the female character is granted a positive outcome to serve an optimistic view on life: Robert Wringhim is violently wrung out of the society of men and women, St. John Rivers, from ¡°Marsh End¡±, blindly drifts away to his death in India, and airy Jane, of ¡°Moor House¡±, wafts away to anchor to Edward Rochester, the sender of the airwave-born call. %K St. John Rivers %K Gil-Martin %K gothique %K calvinisme %K XIXe si¨¨cle %K XXe si¨¨cle %K soci¨¦t¨¦ %K Grande-Bretagne %K litt¨¦rature %K histoire des id¨¦es %K ¨¦cosse %K Scotland %U http://lisa.revues.org/833