%0 Journal Article
%T Le   massacre   est-il n¨¦ aux guerres de Religion ?
%A David El Kenz
%J La R¨¦volution Fran£¿aise : Cahiers de l¡¯Institut d¡¯Histoire de la R¨¦volution Fran£¿aise
%D 2011
%I Institut d'Histoire de la R¨¦volution Fran?aise
%X Dans les d¨¦bats publics de la R¨¦volution Fran aise, le massacre de la Saint-Barth¨¦lemy constitue un symbole r¨¦pulsif ¨¤ travers lequel le r¨¦gime monarchique et les passions confessionnelles sont stigmatis¨¦s. Cette m¨¦moire est la marque d¡¯un basculement dans les sensibilit¨¦s face aux violences extr¨ºmes ; son origine est rep¨¦rable d¨¨s les troubles de religion, au XVIe si¨¨cle. Lors du proc¨¨s des magistrats du Parlement d¡¯Aix-en-Provence en 1551, accus¨¦s d¡¯¨ºtre les responsables du massacre de Vaudois de Provence en 1545, la notion de crime   hors humanit¨¦   appara t. Au cours des guerres civiles de Religion, le massacre s¡¯av¨¨re une pratique admissible sous la plume des hommes de guerre, mais aussi, a contrario, un seuil intol¨¦rable ¨¤ partir duquel les victimes justifient une   guerre totale   et exigent reconnaissance. Se constitue ainsi une nouvelle norme qui distingue des violences qui rel¨¨vent de l¡¯¨¦tat de droit th¨¦oriquement mesur¨¦ et celles consid¨¦r¨¦es comme des exactions parce que les civils en sont les premi¨¨res victimes. La l¨¦gislation des paix de religion en t¨¦moigne. In the debates taking place during the French Revolution, the Saint Bartholomew¡¯s day massacre appears as a repelling symbol through which the Monarchy and the religious passions are stigmatized. This memory indicates a watershed in the perceptions of extreme violence; it starts during the 16th Century, as early as the Religious wars begin. In 1551, during the trial of Aix en Provence¡¯s Parliament magistrates who were accused of being responsible for the massacre of the Vaudois of Provence which took place in 1545, the concept of crime ¡°hors humanit¨¦¡± emerges. During the Religion Wars, murdering appears in the writings of warlords as an admissible practice but in the same time and contrarily as a threshold beyond which victims of a ¡°total war¡± demand for recognition. Thus, a new norm comes up which distinguishes State-related violence, in theory measured, from violence considered as atrocities for civilians are its primary victim. During the Religious wars, the legislation issued during peace times reflects this trend.
%K droit de guerre
%K guerres de Religion
%K massacre
%K massacre de la Saint-Barth¨¦lemy
%K massacre des vaudois
%K parlement
%U http://lrf.revues.org/185