%0 Journal Article
%T Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human cerebrospinal fluid
%A Jonathan M Street
%A Perdita E Barran
%A C Logan Mackay
%A Stefan Weidt
%A Craig Balmforth
%A Tim S Walsh
%A Rod TA Chalmers
%A David J Webb
%A James W Dear
%J Journal of Translational Medicine
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1479-5876-10-5
%X CSF was collected from 5 study participants undergoing thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (around 200 - 500 ml per participant) and low-density membrane vesicles were concentrated by ultracentrifugation. The presence of exosomes was determined by western blot for marker proteins, isopycnic centrifugation on a sucrose step gradient and transmission electron microscopy with immuno-labelling. Whole protein profiling was performed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR).Flotillin 1 and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), two exosomal marker proteins, were identified in the ultracentrifugation pellet using western blot. These markers localized to a density consistent with exosomes following isopycnic centrifugation. Transmission electron microscopy visualized structures consistent with exosomes in size and appearance that labelled positive for flotillin 1. Therefore, the pellet that resulted from ultracentrifugation of human CSF contained exosomes. FT-ICR profiling of this pellet was performed and 84-161 ions were detected per study participant. Around one third of these ions were only present in a single study participant and one third were detected in all five. With regard to ion quantity, the median coefficient of variation was 81% for ions detected in two or more samples.Exosomes were identified in human CSF and their proteome is a potential new reservoir for biomarker discovery in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. However, techniques used to concentrate exosomes from CSF need refinement to reduce variability. In this study we used relatively large starting volumes of human CSF, future studies will focus on exosome isolation from smaller 'real life' clinical samples; a key challenge in the development of exosomes as translational tools.Exosomes are lipid and protein rich vesicles that are formed as part of the intra-cellular endosomal pathway [1]. During maturation of early endosomes into late endosomes w
%K Exosomes
%K human
%K CSF
%K proteomics
%U http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/5