%0 Journal Article %T Lateral frontal cortex volume reduction in Tourette syndrome revealed by VBM %A Matthias Wittfoth %A Sarah Bornmann %A Thomas Peschel %A Julian Grosskreutz %A Alexander Glahn %A Nadine Buddensiek %A Hartmut Becker %A Reinhard Dengler %A Kirsten R M¨šller-Vahl %J BMC Neuroscience %D 2012 %I BioMed Central %R 10.1186/1471-2202-13-17 %X In GTS we detected a cluster of decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), but no regions demonstrating volume increases. By comparing subgroups of GTS with comorbid ADHD to the subgroup with comorbid OCD, we found a left-sided amygdalar volume increase.From our results it is suggested that the left IFG may constitute a common underlying structural correlate of GTS with co-morbid OCD/ADHD. A volume reduction in this brain region that has been previously identified as a key region in OCD and was associated with the active inhibition of attentional processes may reflect the failure to control behavior. Amygdala volume increase is discussed on the background of a linkage of this structure with ADHD symptomatology. Correlations with clinical data revealed gray matter volume changes in specific brain areas that have been described in these conditions each.Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex chronic motor and vocal tic disorder with childhood onset. However, the majority of patients, in addition, suffer from different comorbid disorders, most often obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1,2]. On average, 20-60% of all GTS patients have comorbid OCD, while about 50% suffer from ADHD [3]. In contrast, GTS "only" - without any comorbidity - occurs in only 10 to 15% [4,5]. Previous structural imaging studies investigating gray and white matter abnormalities in GTS revealed conflicting results. It has been suggested that these inconsistent data are mainly related to differences in patients' age, gender, handedness, medication status, comorbidities, imaging techniques, and analysis strategy. Despite these discrepancies, there is substantial evidence that structural alterations in several brain regions are indeed related to the pathology of GTS (for an overview, see also [6]). Most of these changes corroborate the hypothesis of alterations in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits [7-1 %K Gilles de la Tourette syndrome %K Voxel-based morphometry %K Inferior frontal gyrus %K Amygdala %K Obsessive-compulsive disorder %K Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder %U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/13/17