%0 Journal Article
%T Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection
%A Magnus Gissl¨¦n
%A Jan Krut
%A Ulf Andreasson
%A Kaj Blennow
%A Paola Cinque
%A Bruce J Brew
%A Serena Spudich
%A Lars Hagberg
%A Lars Rosengren
%A Richard W Price
%A Henrik Zetterberg
%J BMC Neurology
%D 2009
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1471-2377-9-63
%X In this cross-sectional study we measured soluble amyloid precursor proteins alpha and beta (sAPP¦Á and sAPP¦Â), amyloid beta fragment 1-42 (A¦Â1-42), and total and hyperphosphorylated tau (t-tau and p-tau) in CSF of 86 HIV-infected (HIV+) subjects, including 21 with AIDS dementia complex (ADC), 25 with central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and 40 without neurological symptoms and signs. We also measured these CSF biomarkers in 64 uninfected (HIV-) subjects, including 21 with Alzheimer's disease, and both younger and older controls without neurological disease.CSF sAPP¦Á and sAPP¦Â concentrations were highly correlated and reduced in patients with ADC and opportunistic infections compared to the other groups. The opportunistic infection group but not the ADC patients had lower CSF A¦Â1-42 in comparison to the other HIV+ subjects. CSF t-tau levels were high in some ADC patients, but did not differ significantly from the HIV+ neuroasymptomatic group, while CSF p-tau was not increased in any of the HIV+ groups. Together, CSF amyloid and tau markers segregated the ADC patients from both HIV+ and HIV- neuroasymptomatics and from Alzheimer's disease patients, but not from those with opportunistic infections.Parallel reductions of CSF sAPP¦Á and sAPP¦Â in ADC and CNS opportunistic infections suggest an effect of CNS immune activation or inflammation on neuronal amyloid synthesis or processing. Elevation of CSF t-tau in some ADC and CNS infection patients without concomitant increase in p-tau indicates neural injury without preferential accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau as found in Alzheimer's disease. These biomarker changes define pathogenetic pathways to brain injury in ADC that differ from those of Alzheimer's disease.Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a nearly uniform feature of untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (henceforth, HIV) infection. Thus, from initial viremia until death, HIV is detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of most
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/9/63