%0 Journal Article
%T Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low
%A Carolina Ortega-Azor¨ªn
%A Jose V Sorl¨ª
%A Eva M Asensio
%A Oscar Coltell
%A Miguel Mart¨ªnez-Gonz¨¢lez
%A Jordi Salas-Salvad¨®
%A Maria-Isabel Covas
%A Fernando Ar¨®s
%A Jos¨¦ Lapetra
%A Llu¨ªs Serra-Majem
%A Enrique G¨®mez-Gracia
%A Miquel Fiol
%A Guillermo S¨¢ez-Tormo
%A Xavier Pint¨®
%A Miguel Mu£¿oz
%A Emilio Ros
%A Jose M Ordov¨¢s
%A Ramon Estruch
%A Dolores Corella
%J Cardiovascular Diabetology
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1475-2840-11-137
%X Case-control study in 7,052 high cardiovascular risk subjects (3,430 type 2 diabetes cases and 3,622 non-diabetic subjects) with no differences in BMI. Diet was assessed by validated questionnaires. FTO-rs9939609 and MC4R-rs17782313 were determined. An aggregate genetic score was calculated to test additive effects. Gene-diet interactions were analyzed.Neither of the polymorphisms was associated with type 2 diabetes in the whole population. However, we found consistent gene-diet interactions with adherence to the MedDiet both for the FTO-rs9939609 (P-interaction=0.039), the MC4R-rs17782313 (P-interaction=0.009) and for their aggregate score (P-interaction=0.006). When adherence to the MedDiet was low, carriers of the variant alleles had higher type 2 diabetes risk (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.03-1.40; P=0.019 for FTO-rs9939609 and OR=1.17, 95%CI:1.01-1.36; P=0.035 for MC4R-rs17782313) than wild-type subjects. However, when adherence to the MedDiet was high, these associations disappeared (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.85-1.16; P=0.673 for FTO-rs9939609 and OR=0.89, 95%CI:0.78-1.02; P=0.097 for MC4R-rs17782313). These gene-diet interactions remained significant even after adjustment for BMI. As MedDiet is rich in folate, we also specifically examined folate intake and detected statistically significant interaction effects on fasting plasma glucose concentrations in non-diabetic subjects. However these findings should be interpreted with caution because folate intake may simply reflect a healthy dietary pattern.These novel results suggest that the association of the FTO-rs9939609 and the MC4R-rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes depends on diet and that a high adherence to the MedDiet counteracts the genetic predisposition.The Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) and Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) genes are considered leading obesity-associated loci [1-6]. Both genes have been found to be highly expressed in the hypothalamus in rats [7] suggesting a role in a role in the central regulation
%K Nutrigenetics
%K Mediterranean diet
%K Diabetes
%K FTO
%K MC4R
%K Gene-diet interactions
%U http://www.cardiab.com/content/11/1/137