%0 Journal Article
%T Cardiovascular risk escalation with caloric excess: a prospective demonstration of the mechanics in healthy adults
%A Alok K Gupta
%A William D Johnson
%A Darcy Johannsen
%A Eric Ravussin
%J Cardiovascular Diabetology
%D 2013
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1475-2840-12-23
%X To prospectively demonstrate weight gain in healthy adults, increases body fat [BF], enlarges waist circumference [WC], expands visceral adipose tissue [VAT], exacerbates systemic inflammation [sIF], worsens insulin resistance [IR] and enhances functional cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk.Design, setting and participants: Healthy men [n=11] and women [n=3] provided initial and eight-week post-caloric excess anthropometric and fasting laboratory measures. Functional CVD risk assessments: CBPV and resting EF were also obtained with 7-day automatic ambulatory BP monitoring and increased test finger peripheral arterial tone [PAT] relative to control [reported as relative hyperemia index (RHI)], respectively.Intervention: After determining individualized mean energy requirements for weight maintenance over 7-days, each participant received a personalized over feeding prescription (1.4 times; 41% carbohydrate, 44% fat, and 15% protein) for 8-weeks.mean (SEM). Participants increased body weight [BW + 7.4(0.1) kg]*, body mass index [BMI + 2.5(0.2) kg/m2]*, BF [+2.0(0.01) %]*, WC [+8.2(1.0) cm]*, and VAT [+0.2(0.03) L]* and intrahepatic lipid [IHL + 0.0004(0.002)L] :*all p < 0.01. Increased subcutaneous adipose cell size [+0.3(0.01)rhoL; p = 0.02] accompanied significant sIF [hs-CRP + 0.4(0.09)mg/dL; p = 0.04] and IR [fasting plasma glucose; [FPG] +7.0(0.6)mg/dL;p = 0.01, fasting insulin; [FI] +5.7(1.4)uIU/ml; p = 0.001, HOMA-IR +1.6(0.5); p = 0.02]. Abn CBPV {systolic [+5.4(0.8); p = 0.002, diastolic [+1.7(0.1); p = 0.07 and pulse pressure [PP] [+3.5(0.4); p = 0.003 mm Hg} or elevated heart rate [HR] [+4.9(0.5)bpm; p = 0.003] ensued. Resting RHI declined by 0.47(0.004) from initial 2.24(0.09) to 1.77(0.1); p = 0.001, indicating endothelial dysfunction [ED].Controlled caloric excess in healthy human adults over only 8-weeks significantly increased BF, VAT, sIF [hs-CRP], IR [FPG, FI, HOMA-IR] and functional CVD risk [measured as abnormal circadian blood pressure variability a
%U http://www.cardiab.com/content/12/1/23/abstract