%0 Journal Article
%T Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males: prevalence and associated factors
%A Hock Kuang Lim
%A Sumarni Mohd Ghazali
%A Cheong Chee Kee
%A Kuay Kuang Lim
%A Ying Ying Chan
%A Huey Chien Teh
%A Ahmad Faudzi Mohd Yusoff
%A Gurpreet Kaur
%A Zarihah Mohd Zain
%A Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamad
%A Sallehuddin Salleh
%J BMC Public Health
%D 2013
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1471-2458-13-8
%X A cross-sectional study among 15,639 Malaysian adult males aged 18 years and above was conducted using proportional to size stratified sampling method. The socio-demographic variables examined were level of education, occupation, marital status, residential area, age group and monthly household income.The prevalence of smoking among adult males in Malaysia was 46.5% (95% CI: 45.5每47.4%), which was 3% lower than a decade ago. Mean age of smoking initiation was 18.3 years, and mean number of cigarettes smoked daily was 11.3. Prevalence of smoking was highest among the Malays (55.9%) and those aged 21每30 years (59.3%). Smoking was significantly associated with level of education (no education OR 2.09 95% CI (1.67每2.60), primary school OR 1.95, 95% CI (1.65每2.30), secondary school OR 1.88, 95% CI (1.63每2.11), with tertiary education as the reference group). Marital status (divorce OR 1.67, 95% CI (1.22每2.28), with married as the reference group), ethnicity (Malay, OR 2.29, 95% CI ( 1.98每2.66; Chinese OR 1.23 95% CI (1.05每1.91), Other Bumis OR 1.75, 95% CI (1.46每2.10, others OR 1.48 95% CI (1.15每1.91), with Indian as the reference group), age group (18每20 years OR 2.36, 95% CI (1.90每2.94); 20每29 years OR 3.31 , 95% CI 2.82每3.89; 31每40 years OR 2.85 , 95% CI ( 2.47每3.28); 41每50 years OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.69每2.20) ; 51每60 years OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.15每1.51), with 60 year-old and above as the reference group) and residential area (rural OR 1.12 , 95% CI ( 1.03每1.22)) urban as reference.The prevalence of smoking among Malaysian males remained high in spite of several population interventions over the past decade. Tobacco will likely remain a primary cause of premature mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. Continuous and more comprehensive anti-smoking policy measures are needed in order to further prevent the increasing prevalence of smoking among Malaysian men, particularly those who are younger, of Malay ethnicity, less educated, reside in rural residential area and with lower
%K Smoking
%K Malaysian adult males
%K Prevalence
%K Socio-demographic factors
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/8