%0 Journal Article
%T Ten years of tiotropium: clinical impact and patient perspectives
%A Yohannes AM
%A Connolly MJ
%A Hanania NA
%J International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
%D 2013
%I 
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S28576
%X years of tiotropium: clinical impact and patient perspectives Review (575) Total Article Views Authors: Yohannes AM, Connolly MJ, Hanania NA Published Date March 2013 Volume 2013:8 Pages 117 - 125 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S28576 Received: 20 December 2012 Accepted: 21 January 2013 Published: 15 March 2013 Abebaw M Yohannes,1 Martin J Connolly,2 Nicola A Hanania3 1Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Health Professions, Manchester, UK; 2University of Auckland, FreemasonsĄ¯ Department of Geriatric Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand; 3Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Abstract: Tiotropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent that has gained worldwide acceptance as a first-line, once daily maintenance therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the evidence base in the past 10 years on the development of tiotropium and its efficacy compared to other able interventions such as long-acting beta agonists (LABAs), as well as to assess its safety profile and its effects on health-related outcomes in patients with COPD. Treatment with tiotropium bromide has generally improved patientsĄ¯ health-related quality of life, reduced the number of patients suffering from acute exacerbations, decreased the number of hospitalizations, improved dyspnea, and reduced adverse events compared to placebo. In the past decade, several studies have examined the safety and efficacy of tiotropium in comparison to placebo and to LABAs (salmeterol, formoterol, and indacaterol) over periods ranging from 3 months to 48 months of follow-up. Head-to-head comparisons of tiotropium 18 ĻĖg (once daily) with salmeterol 50 ĻĖg (twice daily) in well-controlled trials demonstrated that tiotropium was superior in reducing acute exacerbation events and in improving quality of life. In a few short-term studies, indacaterol was comparable to tiotropium in its efficacy in improving health-related outcomes. Although the safety record of tiotropium has been exemplary in comparison to placebo, anticholinergic events such as dry mouth can be encountered in some patients. While the long-term safety of tiotropium when delivered in the HandiHaler  has been well documented, its delivery using the Respimat  Soft Mist Inhaler  was associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular complications, including increased mortality when compared to placebo. The exact mechanism for this is not known but is being investigated in a large multinational study that will evaluate the long-term safety of different doses of tiotropium delivered by the Respimat  soft mist inhaler versus the HandiHaler . Further studies are required to investigate the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in comparison with novel LABAs such as indacaterol and vilanterol, and with other emerging novel anticholinergic agents such as aclidinium bromide and NVA237 (glycopyrronium bromide).
%K bronchodilator
%K tiotropium
%K salmeterol
%K indacaterol
%K LABA
%K chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
%U https://www.dovepress.com/ten-years-of-tiotropium-clinical-impact-and-patient-perspectives-peer-reviewed-article-COPD