%0 Journal Article
%T Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of atherosclerosis using citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: calcifying microvesicles as imaging target for plaque characterization
%A Wagner S
%A Schnorr J
%A Ludwig A
%A Stangl V
%A Ebert M
%A Hamm B
%A Taupitz M
%J International Journal of Nanomedicine
%D 2013
%I 
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S38702
%X ntrast-enhanced MR imaging of atherosclerosis using citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: calcifying microvesicles as imaging target for plaque characterization Original Research (660) Total Article Views Authors: Wagner S, Schnorr J, Ludwig A, Stangl V, Ebert M, Hamm B, Taupitz M Published Date February 2013 Volume 2013:8 Pages 767 - 779 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S38702 Received: 01 October 2012 Accepted: 02 December 2012 Published: 20 February 2013 Susanne Wagner,1 J rg Schnorr,1 Antje Ludwig,2 Verena Stangl,2 Monika Ebert,1 Bernd Hamm,1 Matthias Taupitz1 1Department of Radiology, Section of Experimental Radiology, Charit¨¦ ¨C Universit tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charit¨¦ Mitte, and Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; 2Department of Cardiology, Section of Experimental Cardiology, Charit¨¦ ¨C Universit tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charit¨¦ Mitte, Berlin, Germany Objective: To evaluate the suitability of citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) as a contrast agent for identifying inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and results: VSOP, which have already been evaluated as a blood pool contrast agent for MR angiography in human clinical trials, were investigated in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits to determine to what extent their accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions is a function of macrophage density and other characteristics of progressive atherosclerotic plaques. In advanced atherosclerotic lesions, a significant MRI signal loss was found within 1 hour after intravenous administration of VSOP at the intended clinical dose of 0.05 mmol Fe/kg. Histological examinations confirmed correlations between the loss of MRI signal in the vessel wall and the presence of Prussian blue-stained iron colocalized with macrophages in the plaque cap, but surprisingly also with calcifying microvesicles at the intimomedial interface. Critical electrolyte magnesium chloride concentration in combination with Alcian blue stain indicates that highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans are a major constituent of these calcifying microvesicles, which may serve as the key molecules for binding VSOP due to their highly complexing properties. Conclusion: Calcifying microvesicles and macrophages are the targets for intravenously injected VSOP in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that VSOP-enhanced MRI may render clinically relevant information on the composition and inflammatory activity of progressive atherosclerotic lesions at risk of destabilization.
%K atherosclerosis
%K inflammation
%K magnetic resonance imaging
%K iron oxide nanoparticles
%K glycosaminoglycans
%K calcifying microvesicles
%U https://www.dovepress.com/contrast-enhanced-mr-imaging-of-atherosclerosis-using-citrate-coated-s-peer-reviewed-article-IJN