全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

The Leap of Mind of Linguistic Humans over Animals

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1104771, PP. 1-10

Subject Areas: Artificial Intelligence, Neuroscience, Psychology, Computational Robotics, Linguistics

Keywords: Semantic/Syntactic/Episodic Model of Language, Situation Summarization, Procedural Depiction, Thinking, Communication, Artificial Intelligence, Adap-tive Robotics

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

Recently, it was suggested by Cai a new semantic/syntactic/episodic model of language, encompassing the sentential meanings to the neural linguistic components, and making it possible to install the whole linguistic functions into robots through the three semantic/syntactic/episodic components. In this article, it is considered some improvements of language brought to the brain and mind of humans over animals, and accordingly some of their impacts on the artificial intelligence. It is pointed out that language is the unique advantage of human brain over animal brain, especially efficient for mutual communication, situation summarization, procedural depiction, story narration, logic thinking, comprehensive integration, and so on. It is advantageous to symbolize or summarize the complex situations, and then to delineate or depict their successions by paragraphs and stories from sentences. Even though thinking requires additional memory, inference and assumption difficult for zip of computer, it can instead benefit from the assistance of language because it as well falls into situational or successional. In application, with the comprehension and expression of language corresponding to the animation and depiction in artificial intelligence respectively, it is possible for the artificial intelligence and adaptive robots to acquire the advantage of linguistic human brain over the animal brain, improving the depiction and communication of complex situations and successions, as well as learning the various complex skills and procedures through language. It is also reversely demonstrated the advantage of linguistic human brain over animal brain with the perspectives of language to greatly improve the robots.

Cite this paper

Cai, Z. (2018). The Leap of Mind of Linguistic Humans over Animals. Open Access Library Journal, 5, e4771. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104771.

References

[1]  Cai, Z.-J. (2015) Semantic Memory Association, Procedural Grammar Syntax and Episodic Modality Coordination as Three Interactive Neural Processes Organizing Language: A Model. Open Access Library Journal, 2, e1718.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101718
[2]  Cai, Z.-J. (2017) The Neurobiological Models of Language: An Updated Review. Psychology & Neuroscience, 10, 297-306.
https://doi.org/10.1037/pne0000101
[3]  Pinker, S. (1991) Rules of Language. Sci-ence, 253, 530-535.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1857983
[4]  Ullman, M.T., Corkin, S., Coppola, M., Hickok, G., Growdon, J.H., Koroshetz, W.J. and Pinker, S. (1997) A Neural Dissociation within Language: Evidence That the Mental Dictionary Is Part of Declarative Memory, and That Grammatical Rules Are Processed by the Procedural System. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 266-276.
https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.266
[5]  Ullman, M.T. (2004) Contributions of Memory Circuits to Language: The Declarative/Procedural Model. Cognition, 92, 231-270.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.008
[6]  Cai, Z.-J. (1990) The Neural Mechanism of Declarative Memory Consolidation and Retrieval: A Hypothesis. Neurosci-ence & Biobehavioral Reviews, 14, 295-304.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80039-9
[7]  Cai, Z.-J. (2018) The Lim-bic-Reticular Coupling Theory of Memory Processing in the Brain and Its Greater Com-patibility over Other Theories. Dementia e Neuropsychologia, 12, 105-113.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020002
[8]  Squire, L.R. (1987) Memory and Brain. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[9]  Maguire, G.A., Yu, B.P., Franklin, D.L. and Riley, G.D. (2004) Alleviating Stuttering with Pharmacological Inter-ventions. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 5, 1565-1571.
https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.5.7.1565
[10]  Stager, S.V., Calis, K., Grothe, D., Bloch, M., Berensen, N.M., Smith, P.J. and Braun, A. (2005) Treatment with Medications Affecting Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Mechanisms: Effects on Fluency and Anxiety in Persons Who Stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30, 319-335.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2005.09.004
[11]  Lan, J., Song, M., Pan, C., Zhuang, G., Wang, Y., Ma, W., Chu, Q., Lai, Q., Xu, F., Li, Y., Liu, L. and Wang, W. (2009) Asso-ciation between Dopaminergic Genes (SLC6A3 and DRD2) and Stuttering among Han Chinese. Journal of Human Genetics, 54, 457-460.
https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2009.60
[12]  Small, S.L. and Llano, D.A. (2009) Biolog-ical Approaches to Aphasia Treatment. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 9, 443-450.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-009-0066-x
[13]  Berthier, M.L., Pulver-müller, F., Dávila, G., Casares, N.G. and Gutiérrez, A. (2011) Drug Therapy of Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Review of Current Evidence. Neuropsychology Review, 21, 302-317.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-011-9177-7
[14]  Cape, E.G., Manns, I.D., Alonso, A., Beaudet, A. and Jones, B.E. (2000) Neurotensin-Induced Bursting of Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Neurons Promotes Gamma and Theta Cortical Activity together with Waking and Paradoxical Sleep. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 8452-8461.
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08452.2000
[15]  Mena-Segovia, J., Sims, H.M., Magill, P.J. and Bolam, J.P. (2008) Cholinergic Brainstem Neurons Modulate Cortical Gamma Activity during Slow Oscillations. The Journal of Physiology, 586, 2947-2960.
https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153874
[16]  Wang, L., Zhu, Z. and Bastiaansen, M. (2012) Integration or Predictability? A Further Specification of the Functional Role of Gamma Oscillations in Language Comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 187.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00187
[17]  Vidal, J.R., Freyermuth, S., Jerbi, K., Hamamé, C.M., Ossandon, T., Bertrand, O., Minotti, L., Kahane, P., Berthoz, A. and Lachaux, J.P. (2012) Long-Distance Amplitude Correlations in the High γ Band Reveal Segregation and Integration within the Reading Network. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 6421-6434.
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4363-11.2012
[18]  Weiss, S. and Müller, H.M. (2013) The Non-Stop Road from Concrete to Abstract: High Concreteness Causes the Activation of Long-Range Networks. Frontier in Human Neuroscience, 7, 526.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00526
[19]  Miniscalco, C., Hagberg, B., Kadesjo, B., Westerlund, M. and Gillberg, C. (2007) Narrative Skills, Cognitive Profiles and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in 7-8-Year-Old Children with Late Developing Language. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 42, 665-681.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820601084428
[20]  Ash, S., Menaged, A., Olm, C., McMillan, C.T., Boller, A., Irwin, D.J., McCluskey, L., Elman, L. and Grossman, M. (2014) Narrative Discourse Deficits in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurology, 83, 520-528.
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000670
[21]  Youse, K.M. and Coelho, C.A. (2009) Treating Underlying Attention Deficits as a Means for Improving Conversational Discourse in Individuals with Closed Head Injury: A Preliminary Study. NeuroRehabilitation, 24, 355-364.
[22]  DiLollo, A., Neimeyer, R.A. and Manning, W.H. (2002) A Personal Construct Psychology View of Relapse: Indications for a Narrative Therapy Component to Stuttering Treatment. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27, 19-40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-730X(01)00109-7
[23]  Leahy, M.M., O’Dwyer, M. and Ryan, F. (2012) Witnessing Stories: Definitional Ceremonies in Narrative Therapy with Adults Who Stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37, 234-241.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.03.001
[24]  Cai, Z.-J. (2016) Principles Derived from Neurolinguistics of Brain for Design of Translation Machines. Open Access Library Journal, 3, e2704.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102704
[25]  Cai, Z.-J. (2017) Three Types of Episodic Associations for the Semantic/Syntactic/Episodic Model of Language Prospective in Applications to the Statistical Translation. Open Access Library Journal, 4, e3830.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103830
[26]  Cai, Z.-J. (1991) The Functions of Sleep: Further Analysis. Physiology & Behavior, 50, 53-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(91)90497-C
[27]  Cai, Z.-J. (2016) Progressions of Sleep, Memory and Depression Applicable to Psychoanalysis: A Review. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12, 240-245.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1573400512666160610083505
[28]  Friederici, A.D. (2011) The Brain Basis of Language Processing: From Structure to Function. Physiological Reviews, 91, 1357-1392.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00006.2011
[29]  Somers, M., Shields, L.S., Boks, M.P., Kahn, R.S. and Sommer, I.E. (2015) Cognitive Benefits of Right-Handedness: A Meta-Analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 51, 48-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.003

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413