The efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder and ethanol extract on adult Periplanata
americana under laboratory condition was studied to control the nuisance of
the pest.The mean mortality count of
adult Periplanataamericana was highest (84) in 50 g
leaf powder and lowest (3) in the control. The highest mortality (125) was
recorded in 96 hr exposure time while the lowest (17)
was recorded in 24 h exposure time. There was significant difference (P-value = 0.05) in the
mortality with increase in grams and exposure time of leaf powder and the
control at 5% level of significance. The mean mortality count of adult P. americana was highest (104) in 50 ml
ethanoic extract and lowest (1) in the control. The highest mortality (143) was
recorded in 96 hr exposure time while the lowest (55)
was recorded in 24 h exposure time. There is significant difference (P-value = 0.05) in the
mortality with increase in grams and exposure time of leaf powder and the
control at 5% level of significance. The efficacy of O. gratissimum Ethanol extract is more than the leaf powder. There
was significant difference in mortality in both increase in concentration levels
and exposure time at 5% level of significance in both leaf powder and ethanol
extract.
Cite this paper
Ukoroije, B. R. , Abowei, J. F. N. and Otayoor, R. A. (2018). The Efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Powder and Ethanol Extract on Adult Periplanata americana under Laboratory Condition. Open Access Library Journal, 5, e4455. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104455.
Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. and Anthony, S. (2009) Agroforestree Database: A Tree Reference and Selection Guide Version 4.0. http://www.worldagroforestory.org/site/treedatabases.asp
Bouamama, L., Sorlozano, A., Laglauia, A., Lebbadi, M., Aarab, A. and Gutiérrez-Fernández, J. (2007) Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Periplaneta americana and Musca domesticus in Tangler, Morocco. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 4, 194-201.
Ghosh J. and Gayen, A. (2006) The Protozoan Fauna Living in the Digestive System of Periplaneta americana in Kolkata, West. Bengal, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 7, 455-459.
Tatfeng, Y.M., Usuanlele, M.U. and Orukpe, A. (2005) Mechanical Transmission of Pathogenic Organisms: The Role of Cockroaches. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 4, 129-134.
Rauh, V.A., Ginger, B.C. and Robin, S.G. (2002) Deteriorated Honey Contributes to High Cockroach Allergen Levels in Inner-City Households. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110, 323-327. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s2323
Sarinho, E., Schor, D., Veloso, M.A. and Rizzo, J.A. (2004) There Are More Asthmatics Homes with High Cockroach Infestation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological research, 37, 503-510. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004000400007
Jitendra, K., Nitin, K. and Kulkarni, D.K. (2009) Plant-Based Pesticides for Control of Helicoverpa amigera on Cucumis. Asian Agricultural History, 13, 327-332.
Mondal, T. and Mondal, D. (2012) A Review on Efficacy of A. indica. A Juss Based Biopesticides: An Indian Perspective. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 35, 445-516.
Okrikata, E. and Auaso, C.E. (2008) Bio Efficacy of Various Neem Dust Formulation for the Control of Sorghum stem Borers 11: Effect on Stalk and Peduncle in the Semi-Arid Zones of Nigeria. Yobe Journal of Environmental Development, 1, 57-74.
Lale, N.E.S. and Mustupha, A. (2000) Potential of Combining Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Seed Oil with Varietal Resistance for the Management of Cowpea Bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 36, 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00035-1
Keita, S.M., Vincent, C., Schmit, J.P., Ramaswamy, S. and Belanger, A. (2000) Effect of Various Essential Oils on Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Stored Products Research, 36, 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00055-7
Sosan, M.B., Adewoyin, F.B. and Adewunmi, C.O. (2001) Larvicidal Properties of 3 Indigenous Plant Oils on the Mosquito Aedes aegypti. Nig Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 5, 30-33. https://doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v5i1.11719
Jing, Y.D., Kim, M.K., Ahn, V.J. and Lee, H.S. (2002) Larvicidal Activity of Brazilian Plants against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens Pallers (Diptera: Culcilidae). Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 45, 131-134.
Effraim, K.D., Jacks, T.W. and Sodipo, O.A. (2003) Histo-pathological Studies on the Toxicity of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Extract on some Organs of Rabbit. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 6, 21-25.
Akinmoladun, A.C., Ibukun, E.O., Afor, E., Obuotor, E.M. and Farombi, E.O. (2007) Phytochemical Constituent and Antioxidant Activity of Extract from the Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Science Research Essay, 2, 63-166.
Nweze, E.L. and Eze, E.E. (2009) Justification for the Use of Ocimum gratissimum in Herbal Medicine and Its Interaction with Disc Antibiotics BMC. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-9-37
Ijeh, I.I., Omodamiro, O.D. and Nwanna, I.J. (2005) Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Fractions of Two Spices, Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 953-956.
Matasyoh, L.G., Josphat, C.M., Francis, N.W., Miriam, G.K., Anne, W.T.M. and Titus, K.M. (2007) Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. Growing in Eastern Kenya. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 760-765.
Ijeh, I.I., Njoku, O.U. and Ekenza, E.C. (2004) Medicinal Evaluation of Xylopia aethiopica and Ocimum gratissimum. Journal of Medical Aromatic Science, 2, 45-46.
Adebolu, T.T. and Salau, A.O. (2005) Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum gratissimumon Selected Diarrhoea Causing Bacteria in South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 682-684. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-3126
Orafidiya, L.O., Fakoya, F.A., Agbani, E.O. and Iwalewa, E.O. (2005) Vascular Permeability Increasing Effect of the Leaf Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) as a Mechanism for Its Wound Healing Property. African Journal of Tradition, 2, 253-258.
Nakamura, C.V., Ishid, K., Faccin, L.C., Filho, B.P., Cortez, D.A., Rozental, S., Souza, W. and Ueda, N. (2004) In Vitro Activities of Essential Oils from Ocimum gratissimum against Four Candida Species. Research in Microbiology, 155, 579-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2004.04.004
Socorro, V.F.M., Francisco, J.A., Matos, J.H., Leal, C. and David, N.C. (2002) Resultant Effects of the Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum on Isolated Ileum of the Guinea Pig. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00049-1
Rabelo, M., Souza, E.P. and Soares, P.M.G. (2005) Antinociceptive Properties of the Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. in Mice. Brazil Journal of Medical Biology Research, 36, 521-524. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2003000400016
Surana, V. and Jain, D. (2010) Protective Effect of Ocimum gratissimum against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. Pharmacology Online, 2, 1111-1119.
Holetz, F.B., Ueda-Nakamura, T., Filho, B.P.D., Cortez, D.A.G., Mor-gado-Diaz, J.A. and Nakamura, C.V. (2003) Effect of Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum on the Trypanosomatid Herpe-tomonas samuelpessoai. Acta Protozoologica, 42, 269-276.
Halliwell, B. (1997) Antioxidants and Human Disease: A General Introduction. Nutrition Review, 55, 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb06100.x
Julisni, H.R. and Simon, J.E. (2002) Antioxidant Activity of Basil. In: Janick, J., Whipkey, A., Eds., Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ASHS Press, Alexandrian, 575-579.
Bunrathep, S., Palanuvez, C. and Ruangrungsi, N. (2007) Chemical Composition and Antioxidative Activities of Essential Oils from Four Ocimum Species Endemic to Thailand. Journal of Health Research, 21, 201-206.
Ayinla, M.T., Dada, S.O., Shittu, S.T., Olayaki, L.A., Akiode, A.O. and Ojulari, S.L. (2011) Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Medical Science, 3, 360-363.
Shittu, S.T., Oyeyemi, W.A., Lasisi, T.J., Shittu, S.A., Lawal, T.T. and Olujobi, S.T. (2016) Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Improves Haematological Parameters in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats via Its Antioxidant Properties. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 6, 96-100. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-516X.179016
Ilondu, E.M., Egwunyenga, O.A. and Iloh, A.C. (2004) The Effects of Wild Basil (Ocimum suave) Labiateae: (Lamiaceae) Leaf Dust as Protectant of Cereals, against Rhyzopertha dominica (F) Coleoptera: (Bostrydae). Journal of National Academy Advanced Science, 3, 129-134.
Olonisakan, A., Oladimeji, M.O. and Lajide, L. (2006) Bioactivity of Steam Distilled Oils against the Cowpea Bruchids, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) Infesting Stored Cowpea Seeds. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9, 1271-1275. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.1271.1275
Ladipo, M.K., Doherty, V.F. and Kanife, U.C. (2010) Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Investigation of the Extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) on Selected Enterobacteriaceae, Production Agriculture and Technology. African Journal of Agriculture, 6, 75-76.
Lang, L. and Buchbauer, G. (2010) A Review on Recent Research Results (2008-2010) on Essential Oils as Antimicrobials and Antifungals. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 27, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2082
Janssen, A.M., Scheffer, J.J., Ntezurubanza, L. and Svendesen, A.B. (1998) Antimicrobial Activities of Some Ocimum Species Grown in Rwanda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 26, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90113-X
Mann, A. (2012) Phytochemical Constituents and Anti-Microbial and Grain Protectant Activities of Clove Basil (Ocimum gratissimum) Grown in Nigeria. International Journal of Plant Research, 2, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.plant.20120201.08
Raguraman, S. and Singh, R.P. (2000) Biological Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil on an Egg Parasitoid, Trichologramma chilonia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, 1274-1280. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/92.6.1274
Musa, A.K., Oyerinde, A.A. and Owolabi, F.O. (2009) Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mixed Leaf Powders of Vernonia amygdalina L. and Ocimum gratissimum Del. against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Academic Journal of Entomology, 2, 85-87.
Moses, O. and Dorathy, O. (2011) Pesticidal Effect of Some Plant Materials for the Control of Weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) in Some Varierties of Cowpea during Storage in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Entomological Society of Nigeria. 42nd Annual Conference Ibadan Book of Abstracts, 20 p.
Brisibe, E.A., Adugbo, S.E., Ekanem, U., Brisibe, F. and Figueira, G.M. (2011) Controlling Bruchid Pests of Stored Cowpea Seeds with Dried Leaves of Artemisia annua and Two Other Common Botanicals. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 9586-9592. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.2336
