全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

The Effect of Grassland Management History on Soil Carbon Response to Slurry and Urea

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1104072, PP. 1-4

Subject Areas: Edaphology

Keywords: Soil Carbon, Management History, Slurry, Urea, Enzyme

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

Slurry and urea applications are part of normal nutrient management on grassland farms utilizing grazed grass and silage for animal production. It was hypothesized that management history would result in a different carbon response to slurry and urea applications for the same soil type because of differences in soil micro-environment, including microbial biomass and activity, are formed and regulated by long-term management history. An Irish grassland soil of the Skeagh Series was sampled in three fields, each with a long, consistent management history: Soil A was associated with extensive grazing by horses; soil B with medium intensity grazing by sheep and cattle, and grass silage conservation; and soil C with intensive dairy cow grazing. There were three slurry treatments (S1, the control of no slurry; S2, slurry mixed with soil; S3, slurry added on the soil surface) and three urea treatments (N1, the control of no urea; N2, all urea applied at one time; and N3, three application, 30 days apart, totaling the same amount of urea as N2) designed to supply 36 g C m﹣2 and 2 g N m﹣2 during an 85 day incubation trial. Soil pH, total carbon, cold water extractable organic carbon, soil respiration and two C-related enzymes (β-glucosidase and CM-cellulase) were measured. All measured soil properties showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) by management history, indicating a strong influence of long-term management on response. β-glucosidase and CM-cellulase activity showed a strong relationship with soil management history rather than with slurry or urea additions. It was concluded that management history was important to C dynamics. Slurry mixed with soil resulted in a greater soil carbon loss than slurry applied on the soil surface. One large dose of urea caused greater soil carbon loss than multiple small doses.

Cite this paper

Cui, J. and Holden, N. M. (2017). The Effect of Grassland Management History on Soil Carbon Response to Slurry and Urea. Open Access Library Journal, 4, e4072. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104072.

References

[1]  Lalor, S.T.J., et al. (2010) A Survey of Fertilizer Use in Ireland from 2004-2008 for Grassland and Arable Crops. Teagasc: Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford.
[2]  Bigorre, F., Tessier, D. and Pedro, G. (2000) Significance of CEC and Surface Area of Soils. How Clay and Organic Matter Contribute to Water Retention Properties. Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Ii Fascicule a-Sciences De La Terre Et Des Planetes, 330, 245-250.
[3]  Rodrigo Comino, J., et al. (2017) Understanding Soil Erosion Processes in Mediterranean Sloping Vineyards (Montes de Málaga, Spain). Geoderma, 296, 47-59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.02.021
[4]  Xu, M., Li, Q. and Wilson, G. (2016) Degradation of Soil Physicochemical Quality by Ephemeral Gully Erosion on Sloping Cropland of the Hilly Loess Plateau, China. Soil and Tillage Research, 155, 9-18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.07.012
[5]  Bottinelli, N., et al. (2016) Macropores Generated during Shrinkage in Two Paddy Soils Using X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography. Geoderma, 265, 78-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.11.011
[6]  Zhong, X.-L., et al. (2017) Physical Protection by Soil Aggregates Stabilizes Soil Organic Carbon under Simulated N Deposition in a Subtropical Forest of China. Geoderma, 285, 323-332.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.09.026
[7]  Wei, S., et al. (2017) Impact of Soil Water Erosion Processes on Catchment Export of Soil Aggregates and Associated SOC. Geoderma, 294, 63-69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.021
[8]  Yilmaz, E. and Sonmez, M. (2017) The Role of Organic/Bio–Fertilizer Amendment on Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon Content in Different Aggregate Scales. Soil and Tillage Research, 168, 118-124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.003
[9]  Kogel-Knabner, I. (2017) The Macromolecular Organic Composition of Plant and Microbial Residues as Inputs to Soil Organic Matter: Fourteen Years on. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 105, A3-A8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.011
[10]  Duarte, R.M.B.O., Fernández-Getino, A.P. and Duarte, A.C. (2013) Humic Acids as Proxies for Assessing Different Mediterranean Forest Soils Signatures Using Solid-State CPMAS 13C NMR Spectroscopy. Chemosphere, 91, 1556-1565.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.043
[11]  Guerra, A.J.T., et al. (2017) Slope Processes, Mass Movement and Soil Erosion: A Review. Pedosphere, 27, 27-41.
[12]  Kravchenko, A.N. and Guber, A.K. (2017) Soil Pores and Their Contributions to Soil Carbon Processes. Geoderma, 287, 31-39.
[13]  Jiang, M., et al. (2017) Variation of Soil Aggregation and Intra-Aggregate Carbon by Long-Term Fertilization with Aggregate Formation in a Grey Desert Soil. CATENA, 149, 437-445.
[14]  Shi, Y., et al. (2017) Modelling Hydrology and Water Quality Processes in the Pengxi River Basin of the Three Gorges Reservoir using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Agricultural Water Management, 182, 24-38.
[15]  Ge, F., et al. (2007) Response of Changes in Soil Nutrients to Soil Erosion on a Purple Soil of Cultivated Sloping Land. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27, 459-463.
[16]  Pezzolla, D., et al. (2013) Short-Term Variations in Labile Organic C and Microbial Biomass Activity and Structure after Organic Amendment of Arable Soils. Soil Science, 178, 474-485.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0000000000000012
[17]  Alluvione, F., et al. (2013) Short-Term Crop and Soil Response to C-Friendly Strategies in Two Contrasting Environments. European Journal of Agronomy, 45, 114-123.
[18]  Collins, J.F. and Brickley, W.D. (1970) Soils of Lyons Estate. Celbridge, Co. Kildare. Soil Bulletin No. 1, Soil Science Department, University College Dublin.
[19]  Cui, J., Askari, M.S. and Holden, N.M. (2014) Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure under Grassland Management. Soil Use and Management, 30, 129-138.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12100
[20]  Alaoui, A., Lipiec, J. and Gerke, H.H. (2011) A Review of the Changes in the Soil Pore System Due to Soil Deformation: A Hydrodynamic Perspective. Soil and Tillage Research, 115-116, 1-15.
[21]  Munkholm, L.J., Heck, R.J. and Deen, B. (2012) Soil Pore Characteristics Assessed from X-Ray Micro-CT Derived Images and Correlations to Soil Friability. Geoderma, 181-182, 22-29.
[22]  Lalor, S.T.J. (2004) Soils of UCD Research Farm, Lyons Estate. Celbridge, Co. Kildare. Department of Crop Science, Horticulture and Forestry. University College Dublin: Uni-versity College Dublin, 127.
[23]  Anderson, J.P.E. (1982) Soil Respiration. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Series Agronomy, Madison, 837-871.
[24]  Tabatabai, M.A. (1982) Soil Enzymes. In: Page, A.L., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2—Microbiological and Biochemical Properties, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 775-833.
[25]  Eivazi, F. and Tabatabai, M.A. (1988) Glucosidases and Galactosidases in Soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20, 601-606.
[26]  Tang, C.-S., et al. (2016) Effect of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Profile Mechanical Behavior of Soils with Different Initial Conditions. CATENA, 139, 105-116.
[27]  Six, J., et al. (2004) A History of Research on the Link between (micro) Aggregates, Soil Biota, and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics. Soil and Tillage Research, 79, 7-31.

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413