全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

Research Progress on the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Prunella vulgaris Species

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1100558, PP. 1-19

Subject Areas: Photochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry

Keywords: Biological Properties, P. vulgaris L., Triterpenoids, Sterols,Phenylpropanoids, Flavonoid, Coumarins, Fatty Acids, Volatile Oil, Carbohydrates

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

An exhaustive literature survey on the secondary metabolites of widely distributed Prunella vulgaris L. species has been carried out. Triterpenoids, sterols, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, volatile oils and carbohydrates along with some other compounds, have been reported from this species. Many of these compounds have been found to possess significant biological properties, including antihypertensive activity, anticancer activity, anti-lipidemic activity, antibacterial and antivirus activities, anti-inflammatory activities, hypoglycemic effects, heptaprotective effects, antineoplastic activities, etc. P. vulgaris might offer a rich natural source with relative cheap price for developing new anti-neoplastic drugs.

Cite this paper

Meng, G. , Wang, M. , Zhang, K. , Guo, Z. and Shi, J. (2014). Research Progress on the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Prunella vulgaris Species. Open Access Library Journal, 1, e558. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100558.

References

[1]  Liu, Y., Song, S.J. and Xu, S.X. (2003) Advances in the Study on the Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Prunella vulgaris L. Shenyang Yike Daxue Xuebao, 20, 55-59.
[2]  Qin, J.H. (2008) Preparation of Prunella Vulgaris Extract Composition Used in Medicine. CN Patent No. 101274012 A.
[3]  Psotova, J., Svobodova, A., Kolarova, H. and Walterova, D. (2006) Photoprotective Properties of Prunella vulgaris and Rosmarinic Acid on Human Keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 84, 167-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.02.012
[4]  Cheng, H.Y. and Zhang, Q.F. (2008) Enhanced Analysis of Triterpenes, Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds in Prunella vulgaris L. by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with the Addition of Running Buffer Modifiers. Journal of Chromatography A, 1213, 231-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.033
[5]  Sun, W.G., Liao, H.L., Ye, Z.M. and He, G.X. (2003) Chemical and Pharmacological Studies Overview of Prunella vulgari. Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Xinxi Zazhi, 10, 86-88.
[6]  Wang, Z.J., Zhao, Y.Y., Chen, Y.Y., et al. (2000) Triterpenoid Compounds of Prunella Genus and Their Features of 13C NMR Spectros-copy. Chinese Materia Medica, 25, 583-588.
[7]  Cai, Z.Q., Ma, H.Y. and Zhang, M. (2009) Content Analysis of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid in Prunella vulgaris Based on Its Provenances and Appearances. Guangdong Yaoxueyuan Xuebao, 25, 256-258.
[8]  Sun, Y.M., Xu, J.Z., Wang, Z.A. and Yu, X.P. (2009) Determination of Ursolic Acid in Prunella vulgaris from Different Areas by HPLC. Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 20, 1125-1126.
[9]  Kojima, H. and Ogura, H. (1986) Triterpenoids from Prunella vulgaris. Phytochemistry, 25, 729-729.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88033-5
[10]  Kojima, H., Tominaga, H., Sato, S., Ogura, H., et al. (1987) Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Prunella vulgaris. Phytochemistry, 26, 1107-1111.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82359-6
[11]  Kojima, H., Tominaga, H. and Sato, S. (1988) Two Novel Hexacyclic Triterpenoids from Prunella vulgaris. Phytochemistry, 27, 2921-2925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80689-7
[12]  Ryu, S.Y., Oak, M.H., Yoon, S.-K., Cho, D.-I., Yoo, G.-S., Kim, T.-S. and Kim, K.-M. (2000) Anti-Allergic and Anti- Inflammatory Triterpenes from the Herb of Prunella vulgaris. Planta Medica, 66, 358-360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8531
[13]  Gai, C.Y., Kong, D.Y., Wang, S.G., et al. (2010) Study on Chemical Constituents of Prunella vulgaris L. Chinese Journal of Pharm, 41, 8580-8582.
[14]  Zhang, L.Z., Guo, Y.J., Tu, G.Z., et al. (2008) A Novel Triterpenoid Saponin from Prunella vulgaris. Yaoxue Xuebao, 43, 169-172.
[15]  Lee, I.K., Kim, D.H., Lee, S.Y., Kim, K.R., Choi, S.U., Hong, J.K., Lee, J.H., Hyun, L.J. and Hyun, P.Y. and Ro, L.K. (2008) Triterpenoic Acids of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina and Their Cytotoxic Activities in Vitro. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 31, 1578-1583.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-2154-6
[16]  Zhang, J.Y. and Yang, C.R. (1995) The Two New Ursane Glycosides from Prunella vulgaris in France. Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu, 17, 468-472.
[17]  Wang, Z.J., Zhao, Y.Y., Tu, G.Z., Hong, S.L. and Chen, Y.Y. (1999) Studies on Chemical Constituents from Prunella vulgaris. Huaxue Xuebao, 34, 679-681.
[18]  Hisashi, K., Noriko, S., Akiko, H. and Haruo, O. (1990) Constituents of the Labiatae Plants Part 5. Sterol Glucosides from Prunella vulgaris. Phytochemistry, 29, 2351-2355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)83073-A
[19]  Meng, Z.M. and He, L.W. (1995) Studies on Constituent of Prunella vulgaris L. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao, 26, 329-331.
[20]  Liu, B., Ma, G.P. and Shi, R.B. (2002) The Deter-mination of Cyasterone in Prunella vulgaris L Var. Leucantha Schur Sec. Bailey Using RP-HPLC. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 33, 898-899.
[21]  Tian, J., Xiao, Y.Y., Zhao, Y.Y., et al. (2000) Structure Identification of New Compound Vulgarsaponin a from Prunella vulgaris. Yaoxue Xuebao, 35, 29-31.
[22]  Psotova, J., Chlopcikova, S., Miketova, P. and Simánek, V. (2005) Cytoprotectivity of Prunella vulgaris on Doxorubicin-Treated Rat Cardiomyocytes. Fitoterapia, 76, 556-561.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.019
[23]  Zhu, J.U., Wang, Z.J., Zhao, Y.Y., et al. (2001) Depsides from Prunella vulgaris. Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi, S1, 157-161.
[24]  Hu, X., Cui, S., Chen, X. and Hu, Z.D. (2009) CE with Field-Enhanced Stacking for Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Umbelliferone, Rutin and Aesculetin in Prunella vulgaris. Chromatographia, 70, 1733-1736.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1373-8
[25]  Jozef, S. (1963) Phytochemical Studies on Prunella vulgaris and Prunella Grandiflora Saponin and Triterpene Compounds. Dissertations Pharm, 15, 333-333.
[26]  Dmitruk, I.S., Dmitruk, S.E., Berezovskaya, T.P., et al. (1987) Flavonoids of Vulgaris. Khimiya Prirod-nykh Soedinenii, 3, 449-449.
[27]  Dmitruk, I.S. (1987) Coumarins of Prunella vulgaris. Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, 4, 510-510.
[28]  Yang, L.J., Li, Z.Q., Pu, F., et al. (1988) The Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Prunella vulgaris Liun. Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi, 8, 264-265.
[29]  Wang, H.B., Zhang, Z.Y. and Su, Z.W. (1994) The Constituents of the Essential Oil from Three Plants of Prunella vulgari. Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi, 29, 652-653.
[30]  Xu, Z.X., Zhou, Q.Q. and Xu, S.L. (1996) Recent Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Prunella vulgaris. Zhongchengyao, 18, 42-42.
[31]  Tabba, H.D., Chang, R.S. and Smith, K.M. (1989) Isolation, Purification and Partial Characterization of Prunellin, an Anti-HIV Component from Aqueous Extracts of Prunella vulgaris. Antiviral Research, 11, 263-273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3542(89)90036-3
[32]  Natherova, L., Leifertora, I. and Kunetkova, M. (1973) Evaluation of Flavonoids in the Domestic Specices of Genus Fragaria L. Ceskoslovenská Farmacie, 22, 441-443.
[33]  Feng, Y., Xue, M., Jiang, L.H., et al. (2008) Chemical Study on Water Soluble Polysaccharides from Prunella vulgaris L. Zhongguo Yiyuan Yaoxue Zazhi, 28, 431-434.
[34]  Rasool, R., Ganai, B.A., Akbar, S., Kamili, A.N. and Masood, A. (2010) Phytochemical Screening of Prunella vulgaris L.—An Important Medicinal Plant of Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23, 399-402.
[35]  Wang, Q.X. (1998) Treatment of Hypertension by the Effective Remedy. Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 9, 342-343.
[36]  Jia, C.C., Wang, X.J. and Luan, Y.Y. (1999) External Usage of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Hy- pertension. Zhongguo Minjian Liaofa, 7, 14-15.
[37]  He, Y.Q., Li, R.Z., Feng, L.Z. and Li, Z.P. (1985) Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Prunella vulgaris (I). Beijing Yika Daxue Xuebao, 17, 297-299.
[38]  Li, Y.H., Niu, X. and Li, Y.G. (1996) Research on the Antihypertensive Activity of Sancaojiangyatang. Beijing Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao, 19, 45-46.
[39]  Wang, H.B., Zhang, Z.Y., Su, Z.W., et al. (1994) On the Effect of Total Saponins from Common Selfheal (Prunell vulgaris) on Experimental Myocardial Infarction and Hypertension of Anesthetized Rats. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 25, 302-303.
[40]  Feng, P.F., Qin, N.P., Fang, R.Y., et al. (1998) Effect of Sanwu Hypertensive Decoction on Blood Pressure and Lym- phokine-Activated Killer Cell in SHR. Zhongguo Xunhuan Zazhi, 13, 178-180.
[41]  Panza, J.A., Carcia, C.E., Kileoyne, C.M., Quyyumi, A.A. and Cannon III, R.O. (1995) Impaired Endochelium Dependent Vasodilation in Patients with EH Evidence that Nitric Oxide Abnormality Is Not Localized to a Angle Aignal Transduction Pathway. Circulation, 91, 1732-1738.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.91.6.1732
[42]  Kurmar, K.V. and Das, U.N. (1993) Are Free Radical Involved in the Pathobiology of Human Essential Hypertension. Free Radical Research, 19, 59-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10715769309056499
[43]  Chen, W.H. and He, J.Y. (1997) Antagonistic Effects of Ephedra Sinica, Prunlla vulgaris and Cuttlefish Bone on the Model of Rat Acute Blood Stasis. Beijing Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao, 20, 39-41.
[44]  Liu, J.X., Qin, Y.J. and Zhang, J.Y. (1998) Experimental Study on Treatment of Endometriorsis in Rabbit Model with the Method of Removing Blood Stasis and Resolving Phlegm, Softening and Resolving the Lump. Shangdong Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao, 22, 227-229.
[45]  Li, S.C., Fan, J.F., Li, S.P., et al. (2001) Observation on Curative Effects of Supplemented Rhizoma Polygonati Sicao Decoction on the Patients with Ischemic Brain Damage. Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jijiu Zazhi, 8, 376-377.
[46]  Liang, X.L. (1998) Study on the Effect of the Model with Antilipidemic Activity with Sian Capsule. Chengdu Zhongyiiyao Daxue Xuebao, 21, 39-41.
[47]  Psotova, J., Kolar, M., Sousek, J., ?vagera, Z., Vi?ar, J. and Ulrichová, J. (2003) Biological Activities of Prunella vulgaris Extract. Phytotherapy Research, 17, 1082-1087.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1324
[48]  Wang, Z.J., Zhao, Y.Y., Chen, Y.Y., et al. (2001) Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Prunella Genus. World Phytomedicines, 16, 7-9.
[49]  Zheng, M. (1990) Experimental Study of 472 Herbs with Antiviral Action against the Herpes Simplex Virus. Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi, 10, 39-41.
[50]  Zheng, M.S. and Li, W. (1991) Experimental Investigation into Antiviral Action of Prunella vulgaris L. on Type I Herpes Simplex Virus. Jiangxi Yixueyuan Xuebao, 31, 15-17.
[51]  Chen, Q., Ceng, Y.G. and Cao, M.C. (2002) Research on the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Oral Drench Made from Prunella Vulgaries L. Jiceng Zhongyao Zazhi, 16, 6-7.
[52]  Tang, C.K., Chen, G.J., Shen, Y.Q., et al. (1999) The Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Pills Made from Prunella vulgarites L. Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi, 5, 54-55.
[53]  Xiao, L.Y. and Huang, C.P. (2001) A Discussion on Sensitivity of 23 Chinese Herbage Medicines against MRSA. Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 12, 878-879.
[54]  Zhang, F.X., Deng, W.D., Hu, Y.J. and Wu, X.X. (1999) Inhibitory Effect of Aikeqing on the Activity of Immunodeficiency Virus of Simian in Vitro. Guangzhou Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao, 16, 127-129.
[55]  Fang, X.Y., Chang, R.C.C., Yuen, W.H. and Zee, S.Y. (2005) Immune Modulatory Effects of Prunella vulgaris L. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 15, 491-496.
[56]  Xu, H.X., Lee, S.H.S., Lee, S.F., White, R.L. and Blay, J. (1999) Isolation and Characterization of an Anti-HSV Polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris. Antiviral Research, 44, 43-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3542(99)00053-4
[57]  Lam, T.L., Lam, M.L., Au, T.K., Ip, D.T.M., Ng, T.B., Fong, W.P. and Wan, D.C.C. (2000) A Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibition Activities by the Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Chinese Medicinal Herbs. Life Sciences, 67, 2889-2896.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00864-X
[58]  Kageyama, S., Kurokawa, M. and Shiraki, K. (2000) Extract of Prunella vulgaris Spikes Inhibits HIV Replication at Reverse Transcription in Vitro and Can Be Absorbed from Intestine in Vivo. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy, 11, 157-164.
[59]  Yamasaki, K., Nakano, M., Kawahata, T., Mori, H., Otake, T., Ueba, N., Oishi, I., Inami, R., Yamne, M., Nkamura, M., Murata, H. and Naknishi, T. (1998) Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Herbs in Labiatae. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 21, 829-833.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.21.829
[60]  Yamasaki, K., Otake, T., Mori, H., Morimoto, M., Ueba, N., Kurokawa, Y., Shiota, K. and Yuge, T. (1993) Screening Test of Crude Drug Extract on Anti-HIV Activity. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 113, 818-824.
[61]  Au, T., Lam, T., Ng, T., Fong, W. and Wan, D. (2001) A Comparison of HIV-1 Integrase Inhibition by Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Chinese Medicinal Herbs. Life Sciences, 68, 1687-1694.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00945-6
[62]  Zheng, M.S. and Zhang, Y.Z. (1990) Anti-HBsAg Herbs Em-ploying ELISA Technique. Zhongxiyi Jihe Zazhi, 10, 560- 562.
[63]  Zheng, J., He, J.G., Ji, B.P., Li, Y. and Zhang, X.F. (2007) Antihyperglycemic Activity of Prunella vulgaris L. in Streptozotocin-I Nduced Diabetic Mice. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16, 427-431.
[64]  Huang, N., Hauck, C., Yum, M.Y., Rizshsky, L., Widrlechner, M.P., Mccoy, J.A., Murphy, P.A., Dixon, P.M., Nikolau, B.J. and Birt, D.F. (2009) Rosmarinic Acid in Prunella vulgaris Ethanol Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Prostaglandin E2 and Nitric Oxide in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 10579-10589.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9023728
[65]  Zdarilová, A., Svobodová, A., Simánek, V. and Ulrichová, J. (2009) Prunella vulgaris Extract and Rosmarinic Acid Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alteration in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Toxicology in Vitro, 23, 386-392.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.021
[66]  Jung, Y.B., Roh, K.J., Jung, J.A., Jung, K., Yoo, H., Cho, Y.B., Kwak, W.J., Kim, D.K., Kim, K.H. and Han, C.K. (2001) Effect of SKI 306X, a New Herbal Anti-Arthritic Agent, in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Double- Blind Placebo Controlled Study. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 29, 485-491.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X01000502
[67]  Choi, J.H., Kim, D.Y., Yoon, J.H., Youn, H.Y., Yi, J., Rhee, H.I., Ryu, K., Jung, K. and Han, C.K. (2002) Effects of SKI 306X, a New Herbal Agent, on Proteoglycan Degradation in Cartilage Explant Culture and Collagenase-Induced Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 10, 471-478.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/joca.2002.0526
[68]  Jiang, Y., Jun, J.H. and Sun, X.Y. (1988) The Effect of Prunella vulgaris L on the Thymus, Spleen and Adrenalin of Animal. Gansu Yiyao, 7, 4-7.
[69]  Fang, X., Yu, M.M.S., Yuen, W.H., Zee, S.Y. and Chang, R.C. (2005) Immune Modulatory Effects of Prunella vulgaris L. on Monocytes/Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 16, 1109-1116.
[70]  Ma, D.E., Wang, Z.M. and Ma, A.Y. (1983) The Anti-Inflammatory Activity and the Effect on the Immune Organs of Prunella vulgaris. Shanxi Yiyao Zazhi, 12, 4-7.
[71]  Xu, L.S. (1989) Pharmacological Research on the Hypoglycemic Effect of the Active Ingredienst in Prunella vulgaris. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 20, 22-24.
[72]  Liu, B.L., Zhu, D.N. and Wang, G. (1995) Effects of the Alcohol Extract of Spica Pranellae on Bloodglucose in Mice. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao, 26, 44-46.
[73]  Feng, M.L., Jia, L.L., Wu, Y.P., et al. (2000) Effect of the Alcoholic Extraction of Spica Prunellae on Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy. Shanxi Zhongyi Xueyuan Xuebao, 1, 7-9.
[74]  Wang, J.G. (2001) Liver-Protective Effect of Prunella vulgaris Mixture. Chinese Traditional and Herb Drugs, 32, 625-627.
[75]  Zhang, J. and Tao, X.P. (2000) the Effect of Prunella vulgaris on Liver Fibrosis Indexes. Jiceng Zhongyao Zazhi, 14, 60-60.
[76]  Meng, G., Zhang, K.J. and Zhang, M.Z. (2007) Chemical Constituents of Prunella vulgaris L and Antitumor Activity. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal, 22, 211-213.
[77]  Liu, L., Xu, D.S., Zhou, R.Y. and Zhong, Y. (2008) Effective Fraction of Prunella Vulgaris and Its Application in Preparation of Medicines for Treating Colon Cancer. CN Patent No. 101317883 A.
[78]  Wang, K., Dong, H.F., Zhang, X.Y., et al. (2000) The Effect of Prunella vulgaris L on SGC-7901 Cells. Shanghai Yixue Jianyan Zazhi, 15, 305-306.
[79]  Lee, K.H., Lin, Y.M., Wu, T.S., Zhang, D.C., Yamagishi, T., Hayashi, T., Hall, I.H., Chang, J.J., Wu, R.Y. and Yang, T.H. (1988) The Cytotoxic Principles of Prunella vulgaris, Psychotria serpens, and Hyptis capitata: Ursolic Acid and Related Derivatives. Planta Medica, 54, 308-311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962441
[80]  Xu, Z.W., Zhou, R.Y., Wang, W.H., et al. (2001) Mechanism Study of “Prunella Injection” on Formation of Pleural Fibrosis. Zhejiang Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi, 11, 5-8.
[81]  Zhou, R.Y., Xu, Z.W. and Ni, A.D. (2001) Clinical and Experimental Observations of Hydrothorax in Lung Cancer Cases Treated with Closed Drainage and Injection of Selfheal Spike Injection. Shanghai Daxue Xuebao, 15, 49-51.
[82]  Chen, C.Y., Wu, G. and Zhang, M.Z. (2009) The Effects and Mechanism of Action of Prunella vulgaris L Extract on Jurkat Human T Lymphoma Cell Pro-liferation. Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology, 8, 426-429.
[83]  Zhang, M.Z. and Liu, H.M. (2009) Method for Extracting Anti-Tumor Effective Parts from Chinese Medicine Prunella. CN Patent No. 101461842 A.
[84]  Lee, H. and Lin, J.Y. (1988) Antimutagenic Activity of Extracts from Anticancer Drugs in Chinese Medicine. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, 204, 229-234.
[85]  Lamaison, J., Petitjean-Freytet, C. and Carnat, A. (1990) Medicinal Lamiaceae with Anti-oxidant Properties, a Potential Source of Rosmarinic Acid. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 66, 185-188.
[86]  Liu, J. (2005) Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid: Research Perspectives. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100, 92-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.024
[87]  Wang, H.B., Zhang, Z.Y., Zai, Z.X., Su, Z. and Li, C.K. (1993) Qualitative Analysis of Chinese Drug Xiakucao (Prunella). Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 18, 655-657.
[88]  Muto, Y., Ninomiya, M. and Fujiki, H. (1990) Present Status of Research on Cancer Chemoprevention in Japan. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 219-224.
[89]  Niikawa, M., Hayashi, H., Sato, T., Nagase, H. and Kito, H. (1993) Isolation of Substances from Glossy Privet (Ligustrum lucidum Ait.) Inhibiting the Mutagenicity of Benzo[A]Pyrene in Bacteria. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, 319, 1-9.
[90]  Young, H., Chung, H., Lee, C., Park, K., Yokozawa, T. and Oura, H. (1994) Ursolic Acid Inhibits Aflatoxin B1-Induced Mutagenicity in a Salmonella Assay System. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 17, 990-992.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.17.990
[91]  Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T., Wang, Z.Y., Ferraro, T., Lou, Y.R., Stauber, K., Ma, W., Georgiadis, C., Laskin, J.D. and Conney, A.H. (1994) Inhibition of Skin Tumorigenesis by Rosemary and Its Constituents Carnosol and Ursolic Acid. Cancer Research, 54, 701-708.
[92]  Wang, J.J., Wang, B., Guo, J., Gao, Y., Xu, Q. and Chen, W.S. (2000) Inhibitory Effect of Ursolic Acid on Angiogenesis in Vitro. Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University, 21, 1071-1073.
[93]  Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. (1991) Protective Effect of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid against Lipid Peroxidation. Biochemistry International, 24, 981-990.
[94]  Ringbom, T., Segura, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P. and Bohlin, L. (1998) Ursolic Acid from Plantago Major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. Journal of Natural Products, 61, 1212-1215.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np980088i
[95]  Subbaramaiah, K., Michaluart, P., Sporn, M.B. and Dannenberg, A.J. (2000) Ursolic Acid Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Cancer Research, 60, 2399-2404.
[96]  Zhao, G.Q. (1996) Antineoplastic Activity of Ursolic Acid in Loquat Leaves Guowai Yiyao. Zhiwuxue Fence, 11, 180-180.
[97]  Lee, H.Y., Chung, H.Y., Kim, K.H., Lee, J.J. and Kim, K.W. (1994) Induction of Differentiation in the Cultured F9 Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells by Triterpene Acids. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 120, 513-518.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01221027
[98]  Paik, K.J., Jeon, S.S., Chung, H.Y., Lee, K.H., Kim, K.W., Chung, J.K. and Kim, N.D. (1998) Induction of Differentiation of the Cultured Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells by Triterpene Acids. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 21, 398-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02974633
[99]  Hanahan, D., Christofori, G., Naik, P. and Arbeit, J. (1996) Transgenic Mouse Models of Tumour Angiogenesis: The Angiogenic Switch, Its Molecular Controls, and Prospects for Preclinical Therapeutic Models. European Journal of Cancer, 32, 2386-2393.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(96)00401-7
[100]  Sohn, K.H., Lee, H.Y., Chung, H.Y., Young, H.S., Yi, S.Y. and Kim, K.W. (1995) Anti-Angiogenic Activity of Triterpene Acids. Cancer Letters, 94, 213-218.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(95)03856-R
[101]  Wang, B., Wang, J.J. and Xu, J. (2001) Inhibitory Effect of Ursolic Acid on Angiogenesis in Vitro. Zhongliu Fangzhi Zazhi, 8, 351-352.
[102]  Baek, J.H., Lee, Y.S., Kang, C.M., Kim, J., Kwon, K.S., Son, H.C. and Kim, K.W. (1997) Intracellular Ca2 Release Mediates Ursolic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Human Leukemic HL-60 Cells. International Journal of Cancer, 73, 725-728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19971127)73:5<725::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-4
[103]  Huang, J., Sun, Y., Lu, S.X., Su, T. and Jiao, S.C. (1999) Experimental Study on Apoptosis Induced by Ursolic Acid Isolated from Asparagus in HL260 Cells. Zhongguo Zhongxiyijiehe Zazhi, 19, 296-298.
[104]  Xu, G.F., Zhao, X.L. and Zhao, L. (2000) Apoptosis Inducde by Flavonoids Extract of Wheat Germ in a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Yingyang Xuebao, 22, 43-46.
[105]  Wang, C., Zhang, L.S. and He, T. (2002) Study on Antiproliferation Effects of Genistein in Vitro. Zhongguo Gonggong Weisheng, 18, 1056-1058.
[106]  Trochon, V., Blot, E., Cymbalista, F., Engelmann, C., Tang, R.P., Thoma?dis, A., Vasse, M., Soria, J., Lu, H. and Soria, C. (2000) Apigenin Inhibits Endothelial-Cell Proliferation in G2/M Phase Whereas It Stimulates Smooth-Muscle Cells by Inhibiting P21 and P27 Expression. International Journal of Cancer, 85, 691-696.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000301)85:5<691::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-Q
[107]  Zi, X., Zhang, J., Agarwal, R. and Pollak, M. (2000) Silibinin Up-Regulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 Expression and Inhibits Proliferation of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Research, 60, 5617-5620.
[108]  Senderowicz, A.M. (1999) Flavopiridol: The First Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor in Human Clinical Trials. Investigational New Drugs, 17, 313-320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006353008903
[109]  Huynh, H.T. and Teel, R.W. (1999) Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Human Mammary Cancer Cells (MCF-7) by Pycnogenol. Anticancer Research, 20, 2417-2420.
[110]  Wu, B., Xu, G.F., Zhao, X.L. and Ren, X. (2001) Antioxidation of Flavones of Wheat Germ on Mammary Tulnor of Rats. Weisheng Yanjiu, 30, 215-217.
[111]  Chen, J.W., Hu, T.X. and Zhu, D.Y. (2002) Study on Structure-Activity Relationship of Eleven Natural Flavonoids Scavenging Superoxide Anion. Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi, 37, 57-58.
[112]  Zhang, R.Q. and Han, Z.K. (1994) The Effect of Flavonoids on the Immune Function and the Level of Β-Endorphins in the Blood of Mouse. Zhongguo Mianyi Zazhi, 10, 91-92.
[113]  Rafi, M.M., Rosen, R.T., Vassil, A., Ho, C.T., Zhang, H., Ghai, G., Lambert, G. and Dipaola, R.S. (1999) Modulation of Bcl-2 and Cytotoxicity by Licochalcone-A, a Novel Estrogenic Flavonoid. Anticancer Research, 20, 2653-2658.
[114]  Mcvean, M., Xiao, H., Isobe, K.I. and Pelling, J.C. (2000) Increase in Wild-Type P53 Stability and Transactivational Activity by the Chemopreventive Agent Apigenin in Keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis, 21, 633-639.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.4.633
[115]  Chan, F.L., Choi, H., Chen, Z., Chan, P.S. and Huang, Y. (2000) Induction of Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines by a Flavonoid, Baicalin. Cancer Letters, 160, 219-228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00591-7
[116]  Wenzel, U., Kuntz, S., Brendel, M.D. and Daniel, H. (2000) Dietary Flavone Is a Potent Apoptosis Inducer in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Research, 60, 3823-3831.
[117]  Ogata, S., Miyake, Y., Yamamoto, K., Okumura, K. and Taguchi, H. (2000) Apoptosis Induced by the Flavonoid from Lemon Fruit (Citrus limon BURM. F.) and Its Metabolites in HL-60 Cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 64, 1075-1078.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.1075
[118]  Blankson, H., Grotter?d, E. and Seglen, P. (2000) Prevention of Toxin-Induced Cytoskeletal Disruption and Apoptotic Liver Cell Death by the Grapefruit Flavonoid, Naringin. Cell Death & Differentiation, 7, 739-746.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4400705
[119]  Jiang, C., Agarwal, R. and Lü, J. (2000) Anti-Angiogenic Potential of a Cancer Chemopreventive Flavonoid Antioxidant, Silymarin: Inhibition of Key Attributes of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Angiogenic Cytokine Secretion by Cancer Epithelial Cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 276, 371-378.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.3474
[120]  Ishiwa, J., Sato, T., Mimaki, Y., Sashida, Y., Yano, M. and Ito, A. (2000) A Citrus Flavonoid, Nobiletin, Suppresses Production and Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/Gelatinase B in Rabbit Synovial Fibroblasts. The Journal of Rheumatology, 27, 20-25.
[121]  Nakahata, N., Kyo, R., Kutsuwa, M. and Ohizumi, Y. (1999) Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade by Baicalein, a Flavonoid of Natural Origin. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 114, 215-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.114.supplement_215
[122]  Zhou, J., Purna, M. and Steven, K. (1998) Soybean Components Inhibit the Growth of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line Lncap in SCID Mice via Alteration in Cells Apoptosis, Angiogenesis and Proliferation. FASEB Journal, 18, 3822.
[123]  Ranelletti, F.O., Maggiano, N., Serra, F.G., Ricci, R., Larocca, L.M., Lanza, P., Scambia, G., Fattorossi, A., Capelli, A. and Piantelli, M. (2000) Quercetin Inhibits P21-RAS Expression in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines and in Primary Colorectal Tumors. International Journal of Cancer, 85, 438-445.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000201)85:3<438::AID-IJC22>3.0.CO;2-F
[124]  Fotsis, T., Pepper, M., Adlercreutz, H., Hase, T., Montesano, R. and Schweigerer, L. (1995) Genistein, a Dietary In- gested Isoflavonoid, Inhibits Cell Proliferation and in Vitro Angiogenesis. The Journal of Nutrition, 125, 790S-797S.
[125]  Shin, T.Y., Kim, Y.K. and Kim, H.M. (2001) Inhibition of Immediate-Type Allergic Reactions by Prunella vulgaris in a Murine Model. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 23, 423-435.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/IPH-100107341
[126]  Kim, S.Y., Kim, S.H., Shin, H.Y., Lim, J.P., Chae, B.S., Park, J.S., Hong, S.G., Kim, M.S., Jo, D.G., Park, W.H. and Shin, T.Y. (2007) Effects of Prunella vulgaris on Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Reaction and Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 232, 921-926.

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413