Low grade manganese ore fine was briquetted with
different amounts of molasses under different pressure was studied in this
investigation. In this study, the characterizations of raw materials were
studied by different methods of analyses such as X-ray and chemical analyses.
The results of briquetting show that as the pressing pressure load increased
both the drop damage resistance and crushing strength increased and the optimum
amount of molasses added was 2% and the pressing pressure was 216.7745 MPa. The
produced briquettes were reduced by different flow rate of hydrogen at different
temperatures, and the reduction kinetics was determined. The results indicated
that: 1) The reduction rates by hydrogen increased with increasing temperature
of the reduction; 2) Increase hydrogen flow rate at constant temperature of
reduction leads to increase rate of reduction; 3) The zero order is control
step at time 0 - 5 min and from 5 to 20 min the gaseous diffusion in case of
cylindrical products and from 20 to 60 min the reaction controlled by
nucleation and growth.
Cite this paper
El-Gawad, H. H. A. , Ahmed, M. M. , El-Hussiny, N. A. and Shalabi, M. E. H. (2014). Reduction of Low Grade Egyptian Manganese Ore via Hydrogen at 800℃ - 950℃. Open Access Library Journal, 1, e427. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100427.
Sahoo, R.N., Naik, P.K. and Das, S.C. (2001) Leaching of Manganese ore Using Oxalic Acid as Reductant in Sulphuric Acid Solution. Hydrometallurgy, 62, 157-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00196-7
El Hazek, M.N., Lasheen, T.A. and Helal, A.S. (2006) Reductive Leaching of Manganese from Low Grade Sinai Ore in HCl Using H2O2 as Reductant. Hydrometallurgy, 84, 187-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.05.006
Su, H.F., Wen, Y.X., Wang, F., Sun, Y.Y. and Tong, Z.F. (2008) Reductive Leaching of Manganese from Low-Grade Manganese ore in H2SO4 Using Cane Molasses as Reductant. Hydrometallurgy, 93, 136-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.01.001
Gao, Y.B. (2011) Prereduction and Magnetic Separation of Low Grade Manganese Ore. Master of Science Department of Metallurgical Engineering University of Utah.
Swamy, Y.V., Bhoi, B., Prakash, S. and Ray, H.S. (1998) Enrichment of the Manganese to Iron Ratio of Ferruginous Low-Grade Manganese Ore Using Solid Reductant. Minerals and Metallurgical Process, 15, 34-37.
Rudramuniyappa, M.V. and Nijagunappa, R. (1991) Beneficiation of Ferruginous Manganese Ores of Chikkanayakanalli Greenstone Belt, Tumkur District, Karnataka, India. 3rd International Symposium on Beneficiation and Agglomeration, Bhubaneswar, 16-18 January 1991.
Rao, G.V., Acharya, B.C., Murty, B.V.R., Mohanty, J.N., Swamy, Y.V., Chattopadhay, P. and Tripathy, A.K. (1998) Removal of Phosphorus and Enrichment of Manganese from a Complex Ferruginous Manganese Ore. Magnetic and Electrical Separation, 9, 109-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/95128
Kivinen, V., Krogerus, H. and Daavittila, J. (2010) Upgrading of Mn/Fe Ratio of Low-Grade Manganese Ore for Ferromanganese Production. The 12th International Ferroalloys Congress Sustainable Future, Helsinki, 6-9 June 2010, 467-476.
Forsmo, S.P.E., Apelqvist, A.J., Bjorkman, B.M.T. and Samskog, P.O. (2006) Binding Mechanisms in Wet Iron Ore Green Pellets with a Bentonite Binder. Powder Technology, 169, 147-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2006.08.008
Forsmo, S.P.E., Samskog, P.O. and Bjorkman, B.M.T. (2008) A Study on Plasticity and Compression Strength in Wet Iron Ore Green Pellets Related to Real Process Variations in Raw Material Fineness. Powder Technology, 181, 321- 330.
Nafeaa, I.A., Zekry, A.F., Farag, A.B., Khalifa, M.G., El-Hussiny, N.A. and Shalabi, M.E.H. (2013) Kinetic Study of Formation of Sodium Titanets by Roasting of Soda Ash and Ilmenite Ore Concentrate. Indian Chemical Engineer, 55, 1-11.
El-Hussiny, N.A. and Shalabi M.E.H. (2012) Studying the Pelletization of Rosetta Ilmenite Concentrate with Coke Breeze Using Molasses and Reduction Kinetics of Produced Pellets at 800℃- 1150℃. Science of Sintering, 44, 113- 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/SOS1201113E
Mangena, S.J. and du Cann, V.M. (2007) Binderless Briquetting of Some Selected South African Prime Coking, Blend Coking and Weathered Bituminous Coals and the Effect of Coal Properties on Binderless Briquetting. International Journal of Coal Geology, 71, 303-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.11.001
Shalabi, M.E.H. (1973) Kinetic Reduction of El-Baharia Iron Ore and Its Sinter in Static Bed by Hydrogen. El-Tabbin Metallurgical Institute for Higher Studies, Cairo.
Sayed, S.A., Khalifa, G.M., El-Faramawy, E.S.R. and Shalabi, M.E.H. (2002) Kinetic Reduction of Low Manganes Iron Ore by Hydrogen. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 45, 47-66
Sayed, S.A., Khalifa, M.G., El-Faramawy, E.S R. and Shalabi, M.E.H. (2001) Reductions Kinetic of El-Baharia Iron Ore in a Static Bed. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineranymi, 17, 241-245.
Shalabi, M.E.H., Mohamed, O.A., Abdel-Khalek, N.A. and El-Hussiny, N.A. (1997) The Influence of Reduced Sponge Iron Addition on the Quality of Produced Iron Ore Sinter. Proceeding of the XXIMPC, Aachen, 21-26 September 1997, 362-376.
El-Hussiny, N.A., Abdel-Khalek, N.A., Morsi, M.B., Mohamed, O.A., Shalabi, M.E.H. and Baeka, A.M. (1996) Influence of Water Amount Added on the Sintering Process of Egyptian Iron Ore. Gornictwo, 231, 93-115.
Avrami, M. (1940) Kinetics of Phase Change. II Transformation—Time Relations for Random Distribution of Nuclei. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 8, 212-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1750631