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Search Results: 1 - 10 of 482618 matches for " M. O. Tadé "
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Composite Table Algorithm - A Powerful Hybrid Pinch Targeting Method for Various Problems in Water Integration
R. Parand,H. M. Yao,M. O. Tadé,V. Pareek
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications , 2013, DOI: 10.7763/ijcea.2013.v4.300
Abstract: Water management has become a very vital issue due to stringent environmental regulations and rising cost of water resources. Pinch analysis provides a conceptual approach for water network synthesis. Targeting is the first stage in most pinch analysis techniques to provide the baseline for detailed water network design. Although Water Cascade Analysis and Material Recovery Pinch Diagram methods have been developed to handle diverse water network problems, Composite Table Algorithm (CTA) is another water pinch targeting tool with its unique combination of both numerical and graphical characteristics. CTA was originally developed for fixed flow rate problems. In this work, the applicability of CTA for various water network problems such as fixed load, mixed fixed load and fixed flow rate, multiple pinch, and threshold problem is discussed. To facilitate, the approach has been programed in MATLAB and results obtained are validated by comparing with literature.
Inference of conversion and purity for ETBE reactive distillation
Yu-Chu, Tian;Tadé, M.O.;
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2000, DOI: 10.1590/S0104-66322000000400026
Abstract: reactive distillation (rd), an unconventional and attractive technique, has been applied in fuel ether production. a typical application of rd is the synthesis of the widely used methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe). rd has also been found to have potential to produce high quality ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe), a potential alternative to mtbe. a rd process integrates conventional reaction and separation into a single unit, resulting in extra complexity and dual process objectives, i.e. maximization of reactant conversion and purity of products. the conversion and the purity are thus important variables to be controlled in rd of etbe. unfortunately, both of them are not economically and reliably available for closed-loop control. this study aims to develop an effective method to infer the conversion and the purity from multiple temperature measurements that are easily available on-line and in real time. nonlinear inferential models are recommended for etbe synthesis with a ten-stage pilot scale rd column. the models are two-variable third-order regressive models, in which the temperature measurements of the reboiler and the bottom reactive section are employed. experimental design, model identification, and model testing are also investigated.
Inference of conversion and purity for ETBE reactive distillation
Yu-Chu Tian,Tadé M.O.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 2000,
Abstract: Reactive distillation (RD), an unconventional and attractive technique, has been applied in fuel ether production. A typical application of RD is the synthesis of the widely used methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). RD has also been found to have potential to produce high quality ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), a potential alternative to MTBE. A RD process integrates conventional reaction and separation into a single unit, resulting in extra complexity and dual process objectives, i.e. maximization of reactant conversion and purity of products. The conversion and the purity are thus important variables to be controlled in RD of ETBE. Unfortunately, both of them are not economically and reliably available for closed-loop control. This study aims to develop an effective method to infer the conversion and the purity from multiple temperature measurements that are easily available on-line and in real time. Nonlinear inferential models are recommended for ETBE synthesis with a ten-stage pilot scale RD column. The models are two-variable third-order regressive models, in which the temperature measurements of the reboiler and the bottom reactive section are employed. Experimental design, model identification, and model testing are also investigated.
A deletion mutation in bovine SLC4A2 is associated with osteopetrosis in Red Angus cattle
Stacey N Meyers, Tara G McDaneld, Shannon L Swist, Brandy M Marron, David J Steffen, Donal O'Toole, Jeffrey R O'Connell, Jonathan E Beever, Tad S Sonstegard, Timothy PL Smith
BMC Genomics , 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-337
Abstract: We have conducted a whole-genome association analysis to identify the mutation responsible for inherited osteopetrosis in Red Angus cattle. Analysis of >54,000 SNP genotypes for each of seven affected calves and nine control animals localized the defective gene to the telomeric end of bovine chromosome 4 (BTA4). Homozygosity analysis refined the interval to a 3.4-Mb region containing the SLC4A2 gene, encoding an anion exchanger protein necessary for proper osteoclast function. Examination of SLC4A2 from normal and affected animals revealed a ~2.8-kb deletion mutation in affected calves that encompasses exon 2 and nearly half of exon 3, predicted to prevent normal protein function. Analysis of RNA from a proven heterozygous individual confirmed the presence of transcripts lacking exons 2 and 3, in addition to normal transcripts. Genotyping of additional animals demonstrated complete concordance of the homozygous deletion genotype with the osteopetrosis phenotype. Histological examination of affected tissues revealed scarce, morphologically abnormal osteoclasts displaying evidence of apoptosis.These results indicate that a deletion mutation within bovine SLC4A2 is associated with osteopetrosis in Red Angus cattle. Loss of SLC4A2 function appears to induce premature cell death, and likely results in cytoplasmic alkalinization of osteoclasts which, in turn, may disrupt acidification of resorption lacunae.Recessive genetic diseases have occasionally emerged throughout the history of domestic cattle populations. In part, this can be attributed to selective breeding practices involving the extensive use of particular individuals or pedigrees with demonstrated genetic merit. These practices can potentially lead to a reduction in the effective population size and a subsequent increase in homozygosity, thus allowing for the expression of recessive defect phenotypes. The management of such disorders requires the identification and culling of carrier individuals within populati
Stochastic Models Predict User Behavior in Social Media
Tad Hogg,Kristina Lerman,Laura M. Smith
Computer Science , 2013,
Abstract: User response to contributed content in online social media depends on many factors. These include how the site lays out new content, how frequently the user visits the site, how many friends the user follows, how active these friends are, as well as how interesting or useful the content is to the user. We present a stochastic modeling framework that relates a user's behavior to details of the site's user interface and user activity and describe a procedure for estimating model parameters from available data. We apply the model to study discussions of controversial topics on Twitter, specifically, to predict how followers of an advocate for a topic respond to the advocate's posts. We show that a model of user behavior that explicitly accounts for a user transitioning through a series of states before responding to an advocate's post better predicts response than models that fail to take these states into account. We demonstrate other benefits of stochastic models, such as their ability to identify users who are highly interested in advocate's posts.
Detecting Loci under Recent Positive Selection in Dairy and Beef Cattle by Combining Different Genome-Wide Scan Methods
Yuri Tani Utsunomiya, Ana Maria Pérez O’Brien, Tad Stewart Sonstegard, Curtis Paul Van Tassell, Adriana Santana do Carmo, Gábor Mészáros, Johann S？lkner, José Fernando Garcia
PLOS ONE , 2013, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064280
Abstract: As the methodologies available for the detection of positive selection from genomic data vary in terms of assumptions and execution, weak correlations are expected among them. However, if there is any given signal that is consistently supported across different methodologies, it is strong evidence that the locus has been under past selection. In this paper, a straightforward frequentist approach based on the Stouffer Method to combine P-values across different tests for evidence of recent positive selection in common variations, as well as strategies for extracting biological information from the detected signals, were described and applied to high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data generated from dairy and beef cattle (taurine and indicine). The ancestral Bovinae allele state of over 440,000 SNP is also reported. Using this combination of methods, highly significant (P<3.17×10？7) population-specific sweeps pointing out to candidate genes and pathways that may be involved in beef and dairy production were identified. The most significant signal was found in the Cornichon homolog 3 gene (CNIH3) in Brown Swiss (P = 3.82×10？12), and may be involved in the regulation of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. Other putative pathways under selection are the glucolysis/gluconeogenesis, transcription machinery and chemokine/cytokine activity in Angus; calpain-calpastatin system and ribosome biogenesis in Brown Swiss; and gangliosides deposition in milk fat globules in Gyr. The composite method, combined with the strategies applied to retrieve functional information, may be a useful tool for surveying genome-wide selective sweeps and providing insights in to the source of selection.
Fick’s Diffusion Experiments Revisited —Part I  [PDF]
Tad W. Patzek
Advances in Historical Studies (AHS) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ahs.2014.34017
Abstract: In this paper, we revisit Fick’s original diffusion experiments and reconstruct the geometry of his inverted funnel. Part I demonstrates that Fick’s experimental approach was sound and measurements were accurate despite his own claims to the contrary. Using the standard modern approach, we predict Fick’s cylindrical tube measurements with a high degree of accuracy. We calculate that the salt reservoir at the bottom of the inverted funnel must have been about 5 cm in height and the unreported depth of the deepest salt concentration measurement by Fick was yet another 3 cm above the reservoir top. We verify the latter calculation by using Fick’s own calculated concentration profiles and show that the modern diffusion theory predicts the inverted funnel measurements almost as well as those in the cylindrical tube. Part II is a translation of Fick’s discussion of diffusion in liquids in the first edition of his three-volume monograph on Medical Physics published in 1856, one year after his seminal Pogendorff Annalen paper On Diffusion.
Fick’s Diffusion Experiments Revisited —Part II (English Translation of Fick’s Orginal Thinking)  [PDF]
Tad W. Patzek
Advances in Historical Studies (AHS) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/ahs.2014.34018
Abstract: In this paper, we revisit Fick’s original diffusion experiments and reconstruct the geometry of his inverted funnel. In Part I, we show that Fick’s experimental approach was sound and measurements were accurate despite his own claims to the contrary. Using the standard modern approach, we predict Fick’s cylindrical tube measurements with a high degree of accuracy. We calculate that the salt reservoir at the bottom of the inverted funnel must have been about 5 cm in height and the unreported depth of the deepest salt concentration measurement by Fick was yet another 3 cm above the reservoir top. We verify the latter calculation by using Fick’s own calculated concentration profiles and show that the modern diffusion theory predicts the inverted funnel measurements almost as well as those in the cylindrical tube. In Part II, we provide a translation of Fick’s discussion of diffusion in liquids in the first edition of his three-volume monograph on Medical Physics published in 1856, one year after his seminal Pogendorff’s Annalen paper On Diffusion.
Morphological Investigation into Starch Bio-Nanocomposites via Synchrotron Radiation and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Huihua Liu,Deeptangshu Chaudhary,Joseph John,Moses O. Tadé
Journal of Nanotechnology , 2011, DOI: 10.1155/2011/924582
Abstract: We studied a hydrophilic, plasticized bionanocomposite system involving sorbitol plasticizer, amylose biopolymer, and montmorillonite (MMT) for the presence of competitive interactions among them at different moisture content. Synchrotron analysis via small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to understand crystalline growth and the distribution of crystalline domains within the samples. The SAXS diffraction patterns showed reduced interhelix spacing in the amylose network indicating strong amylose-sorbitol interactions. Depending on the sorbitol and MMT concentration, these interactions also affected the free moisture content and crystalline domains. Domains of around 95？？ and 312？？ were found in the low-moisture-content samples as compared to a single domain of 95？？ in the high-moisture-content samples. DSC measurements confirmed that the MMT increased the onset and the melting temperature of nanocomposites. Moreover, the results showed that the ternary interactions among sorbitol-amylose-MMT supported the crystalline heterogeneity through secondary nucleation. 1. Introduction Starch is a widely studied biopolymer because of its biodegradable and renewable nature, as well as its comparable mechanical properties to many polyolefins. However, its high glass transition temperature and water sensitivity limit its utilization in environmentally friendly applications such as flexible packaging for food/horticultural products. A significant turn-around in commercial acceptance with key commercial and environmental benefits can be achieved through judicial balance of molecular interactions within the hydrophilic environment of a plasticized amylose biopolymer system. The authors had earlier reported on starch biopolymer processing [1] and hydrophilic interactions in starch and various additives [2]. Interactions between glycerol and starch nanocomposites, for example, glycerol/starch/MMT [3, 4] and the competitive interaction between starch/MMT(unmodified montmorillonite)/water system have also been reported [5]. Those investigations outlined that the hydrophilic interactions between an amylose polymer and different plasticizers are typically concentration dependent. It was also summarized that the interactions between the larger amylose polymer and the smaller water/glycerol molecules are stronger as compared to the starch-MMT interactions because of the relatively smaller size of glycerol molecules. Therefore, this investigation focuses on the hypothesis that with larger plasticizer
Genome-Wide Mapping of Loci Explaining Variance in Scrotal Circumference in Nellore Cattle
Yuri T. Utsunomiya, Adriana S. Carmo, Haroldo H. R. Neves, Roberto Carvalheiro, Márcia C. Matos, Ludmilla B. Zavarez, Pier K. R. K. Ito, Ana M. Pérez O'Brien, Johann S？lkner, Laercio R. Porto-Neto, Flávio S. Schenkel, John McEwan, John B. Cole, Marcos V. G. B. da Silva, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Tad S. Sonstegard, José Fernando Garcia
PLOS ONE , 2014, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088561
Abstract: The reproductive performance of bulls has a high impact on the beef cattle industry. Scrotal circumference (SC) is the most recorded reproductive trait in beef herds, and is used as a major selection criterion to improve precocity and fertility. The characterization of genomic regions affecting SC can contribute to the identification of diagnostic markers for reproductive performance and uncover molecular mechanisms underlying complex aspects of bovine reproductive biology. In this paper, we report a genome-wide scan for chromosome segments explaining differences in SC, using data of 861 Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) genotyped for over 777,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Loci that excel from the genome background were identified on chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 21. The majority of these regions were previously found to be associated with reproductive and body size traits in cattle. The signal on chromosome 14 replicates the pleiotropic quantitative trait locus encompassing PLAG1 that affects male fertility in cattle and stature in several species. Based on intensive literature mining, SP4, MAGEL2, SH3RF2, PDE5A and SNAI2 are proposed as novel candidate genes for SC, as they affect growth and testicular size in other animal models. These findings contribute to linking reproductive phenotypes to gene functions, and may offer new insights on the molecular biology of male fertility.
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