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Search Results: 1 - 10 of 2669 matches for " Arun Subramanian "
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Correlation of Electric Cardiometry and Continuous Thermodilution Cardiac Output Monitoring Systems  [PDF]
Vishwas Malik, Arun Subramanian, Sandeep Chauhan, Milind Hote
World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (WJCS) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/wjcs.2014.47016
Abstract:

Purpose: Impedance Cardiography (ICG) with its drawbacks to reliably estimate cardiac output (CO) when compared to reference methods has led to the development of a novel technique called Electrical Cardiometry (EC). The purpose of this study was to compare EC-CO with the Continuous CO (CCO) derived from Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC). Methods: 60 patients scheduled to undergo coronary artery surgery necessitating the placement of PAC were studied in the operating room. Standard ECG electrodes were used for EC-CO measurements. Simultaneous CO measurement from EC and PAC was done at three predefined time points and were correlated. Results: A significant high correlation was found between the EC-CO and CCO at the three time points. Bland and Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.08 L/min, a precision of 0.15 L/min, with a narrow limit of agreement (－0.13 to 0.28 L/min). The percentage error between the methods was 3.59%. Conclusion: The agreement between EC-CO and CCO is clinically acceptable and these two techniques can be used interchangeably. Mediastinal opening has no effect on the correlation between these two modalities.

Structural and Catalytic Differences between Two FADH2-Dependent Monooxygenases: 2,4,5-TCP 4-Monooxygenase (TftD) from Burkholderia cepacia AC1100 and 2,4,6-TCP 4-Monooxygenase (TcpA) from Cupriavidus necator JMP134
Robert P. Hayes,Brian N. Webb,Arun Kumar Subramanian,Mark Nissen,Andrew Popchock,Luying Xun,ChulHee Kang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 2012, DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089769
Abstract: 2,4,5-TCP 4-monooxygenase (TftD) and 2,4,6-TCP 4-monooxygenase (TcpA) have been discovered in the biodegradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). TcpA and TftD belong to the reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2)-dependent monooxygenases and both use 2,4,6-TCP as a substrate; however, the two enzymes produce different end products. TftD catalyzes a typical monooxygenase reaction, while TcpA catalyzes a typical monooxygenase reaction followed by a hydrolytic dechlorination. We have previously reported the 3D structure of TftD and confirmed the catalytic residue, His289. Here we have determined the crystal structure of TcpA and investigated the apparent differences in specificity and catalysis between these two closely related monooxygenases through structural comparison. Our computational docking results suggest that Ala293 in TcpA (Ile292 in TftD) is possibly responsible for the differences in substrate specificity between the two monooxygenases. We have also identified that Arg101 in TcpA could provide inductive effects/charge stabilization during hydrolytic dechlorination. The collective information provides a fundamental understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanism and the parameters for substrate specificity. The information may provide guidance for designing bioremediation strategies for polychlorophenols, a major group of environmental pollutants.
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm based Parameter Estimation of Three WINDING Transformer  [PDF]
Srikrishna Subramanian, Seeni Padma
Energy and Power Engineering (EPE) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/epe.2011.32017
Abstract: Transformers are one of the main components of any power system. An accurate estimation of system be-haviour, including load flow studies, protection, and safe control of the system calls for an accurate equiva-lent circuit parameters of all system components such as generators, transformers, etc. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the equivalent circuit parameters of the Three Winding Transformer (TWT) using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA). The estimation procedure based on load test data at one particular op-erating point namely supply voltage, load currents, input power. The performance characteristics, such as efficiency and voltage regulation are considered along with the name plate data in order to minimize the er-ror between the estimated and measured data. The estimation procedure is demonstrated with a sample three winding transformer and the results are compared against the directly measured performance of TWT and genetic algorithm optimization results. The simulation results show the ability of the proposed technique to capture the true values of the machine parameters and the superiority of the results obtained using the bacte-rial foraging algorithm.
Economic Dispatch with Multiple Fuel Options Using CCF  [PDF]
R. Anandhakumar, S. Subramanian
Energy and Power Engineering (EPE) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/epe.2011.32015
Abstract: This paper presents an efficient analytical approach using Composite Cost Function (CCF) for solving the Economic Dispatch problem with Multiple Fuel Options (EDMFO). The solution methodology comprises two stages. Firstly, the CCF of the plant is developed and the most economical fuel of each set can be easily identified for any load demand. In the next stage, for the selected fuels, CCF is evaluated and the optimal scheduling is obtained. The Proposed Method (PM) has been tested on the standard ten-generation set system; each set consists of two or three fuel options. The total fuel cost obtained by the PM is compared with earlier reports in order to validate its effectiveness. The comparison clears that this approach is a promising alterna-tive for solving EDMFO problems in practical power system.
Composite Cost Function Based Solution to the Unit Commitment Problem  [PDF]
Srikrishna Subramanian, Radhakrishnan Anandhakumar
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/sgre.2010.12014
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach via composite cost function to solve the unit commitment problem. The unit com-mitment problem involves determining the start-up and shut-down schedules for generating units to meet the fore-casted demand at the minimum cost. The commitment schedule must satisfy the other constraints such as the generating limits, spinning reserve, minimum up and down time, ramp level and individual units. The proposed algorithm gives the committed units and economic load dispatch for each specific hour of operation. Numerical simulations were carried out using three cases: four-generator, seven-generator, and ten-generator thermal unit power systems over a 24 h period. The produced schedule was compared with several other methods, such as Dynamic programming, Branch and bound, Ant colony system, and traditional Tabu search. The result demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method.
Parameter Estimation of Single Phase Core Type Transformer Using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm  [PDF]
Seeni Padma, Srikrishna Subramanian
Engineering (ENG) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/eng.2010.211115
Abstract: The electrical circuit equivalents of magnetic device structures such as transformer require an exact knowledge of its parameters. Efficient parameter estimation technique is essential to obtain the equivalent circuit parameters of transformer because the parameters are used to manipulate parasitic elements and to obtain the enhanced circuit performance. In this paper, Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA) has been applied to estimate the equivalent circuit parameters of single phase core type transformer. The information of open Circuit (OC) and Short Circuit (SC) tests has been utilized in BFA algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been tested with a sample transformer and the simulation results are compared against the conventional method. The numerical results show that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional method in the aspects of solution quality.
CANFIS—a computer aided diagnostic tool for cancer detection  [PDF]
Latha Parthiban, R. Subramanian
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE) , 2009, DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2009.25048
Abstract: In this investigation, an approach using Coac-tive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) as diagnosis system for breast cancer has been proposed on Wisconsin Breast Cancer Data (WBCD). It is occasionally difficult to attain the ultimate diagnosis even for medical experts due to the complexity and non-linearity of the rela-tionships between the large measured factors, which can be possibly resolved with a human like decision-making process using Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. CANFIS is an AI algorithm which has the advantages of both fuzzy inference system and neural networks and can deal with ambiguous data and learn from the past data by itself. The Multi Layer Percep-tron Neural Network (MLPNN), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Self Organizing Map (SOM) were also tested and benchmarked for their p
Sequential Approach with Matrix Framework for Various Types of Economic Thermal Power Dispatch Problems  [PDF]
Srikrishna Subramanian, Ganesan Sivarajan
Energy and Power Engineering (EPE) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/epe.2010.22016
Abstract: This paper presents a sequential approach with matrix framework for solving various kinds of economic dispatch problems. The objective of the economic dispatch problems of electrical power generation is to schedule the committed generating units output so as to meet the required load demand while satisfying the system equality and inequality constraints. This is a maiden approach developed to obtain the optimal dispatches of generating units for all possible load demands of power system in a single execution. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by solving economic load dispatch problem, combined economic and emission dispatch problem, multiarea economic dispatch problem and economic dispatch problem with multiple fuel options. The proposed methodology is tested with different scale of power systems. The generating unit operational constraints are also considered. The simulation results obtained by proposed methodology for various economic dispatch problems are compared with previous literatures in terms of solution quality. Numerical simulation results indicate an improvement in total cost saving and hence the superiority of the proposed method is also revealed for economic dispatch problems.
Health Care Discrimination in HIV Care  [PDF]
Jayakumar Palanisamy, Senthilkumar Subramanian
World Journal of AIDS (WJA) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/wja.2011.13015
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected population is experiencing enormous amount of social discrimination and stigmatization compared to other patients with any other chronic illness. Healthcare setup is not an exception where the HIV infected patients are shuttled from one place to another to get their basic services compared to HIV negative patients. This referral game of manipulation imparts additional stress to the already stressed HIV infected population. The physical and psychological impacts caused by other chronic conditions will be supplemented by social impact in the HIV infected population. This referral game in healthcare can cause the HIV infected to avoid their health seeking behavior and it may bring them back to their high risk activities, which can result in higher mortality/morbidity and failure in prevention and intervention strategies.
Bulk Growth and Characterization of D-(–)-Alanine Single Crystals  [PDF]
Kalimuthu Moovendaran, Subramanian Natarajan
Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology (JCPT) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jcpt.2013.34021
Abstract:

Single crystal of D-(–)-alanine (DALA), a non-linear optical material from the amino acid family was grown using a home-made crystal growth setup. The crystals of DALA were also grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). The grown crystals were characterized by using single crystal X-ray diffraction, high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and UV-vis-NIR and CD spectroscopy. Measurements of Vicker’s microhardness, laser damage threshold (LDT) value and second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency are also reported. Thermal and dielectric studies were also carried out.

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