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Transport Infrastructure, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Triangle in India: Cointegration and Causality Analysis  [cached]
Rudra Prakash Pradhan
Journal of Sustainable Development , 2010, DOI: 10.5539/jsd.v3n2p167
Abstract: The paper explores the nexus between transport infrastructure (road and rail), energy consumption (oil and electricity) and economic growth in India over the period 1970-2007. Using cointegration and Granger causality test, the paper finds a unidirectional causality from transport infrastructure to economic growth, a unidirectional causality from economic growth to energy consumption and a unidirectional causality from transport infrastructure to energy consumption. The paper at the end suggests that energy and transportation policies should recognize the transport- energy consumption- growth nexus in order to maintain sustainable economic growth in the country.
COAL CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TURKEY
Oguz Ocal,Ilhan Ozturk,Alper Aslan
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy , 2013,
Abstract: This aim of this paper is to use asymmetric causality tests to examine the coal consumption and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) relationship in Turkey based on data from 1980 to 2006. To investigate this relationship, a multivariate system is employed by including fixed capital formation and labor force variables into the model. The empirical results obtained from asymmetric causality tests show no causality for coal consumption and GDP relationship in Turkey. The results indicate that coal consumption does not affect growth; hence, energy conservation policies may be pursued without adversely affecting growth in Turkey. Thus, neutrality hypothesis is confirmed for Turkey. This means that a decrease in coal consumption does not affect economic growth and vice versa. In this case, policymakers should explore the feasibility of either decreasing the coal consumption or increasing the efficiency of coal consumption.
Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Douglason G. Omotor
Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences , 2012,
Abstract: The study investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption disaggregated into coal, electricity and oil consumption and economic growth in Nigeria. The estimated results from the application of the Hsiao s Granger causality version, revealed that energy consumption leads economic growth and vice versa. The policy implication of the findings is that energy enhancement policy will engender economic growth of Nigeria.
Causality between economic growth and energy consumption in Croatia
Tomislav Gelo
Zbornik Radova Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Rijeci : ？asopis za Ekonomsku Teoriju i Praksu , 2009,
Abstract: The main goal of the paper is to investigate relation between economic development and energy consumption in Croatia. This paper examines the casual relationship, using Granger test, between gross domestic products (GDP) and total primary energy consumption in Croatia. Analyzed period is from 1953 to 2005. In the paper vector auto-regression model (VAR), Granger causality test and unit root test are used as tools for analysis. Economic and energetic time series usually have the problem of non stationarity series. Non-stationary time series are trying stationarity with differentiation of variables, using co-integration technique. Applying Granger’s causality test in Croatian case, we found that GDP Granger causes total energy consumption not energy consumption Granger causes GDP. The result shows that relationship for Croatia runs from total primary energy consumptions to gross domestic products, not from gross domestic products to primary energy consumption. Conclusion of VAR model is that variable total primary energy consumptions and the constant are not significant in the model and that variable gross domestic products is significant. Base conclusion of the paper is that VAR model evaluation shows that change of GDP of 1% in period t-1 would affect the annual total primary energy consumption for 0,509% in period t.
Regional Comparison Study of Co-integration Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth in China
基于协整关系的中国区域煤炭消费与经济增长比较研究
ZHANG Zhaoxiang,LIAO Xianling,WANG Xiaosong,SONG Xiaoqian,
张兆响,廖先玲,王晓松,宋晓倩
资源科学 , 2009,
Abstract: Large population, vast land area, cultural and conceptual differences across regions and the imbalance in regional economic development has inevitably resulted in different relations between coal consumption and economic growth in different regions. In this paper, measurement analysis and co-integration theory of time-series cross-section data model are used to empirically study the co-integration relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in eastern, middle and western regions of China. The empirical results show that there is a stable long-term equilibrium relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in the eastern region, but this is a unidirectional relationship from economic growth to coal consumption. In middle region of China, both an obvious bidirectional long-term causal relationship and a bidirectional short-term causal relationship can be observed. However, there is a long-term co-integration relation in western region and the short-term causality is not tenable. Based on these characteristcs, the data of economic growth, energy and coal consumption level from 1986 to 2004 in the country are analyzed. The results indicate that the relationship between coal consumption and economic growth is significantly different among various regions, and the main impacts are the level of economic development and economic operation mechanism. Certain policies have been put forward to promote the coordinated development of coal (energy) and economy in various regions of China. The author points out that the obvious distinctions of co-integration relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in eastern, middle and western region of China are very important. Therefore, these differences must be considered in the process of formulating and implementing national economic policies and coal-related policies. At present, China is putting in much greater effort to develop the western region than ever before, and the most urgent task is to coordinate the relationship between coal (energy) consumption and economic development. Otherwise, the regional imbalance in economic development in China will aggravate. In that sense, promoting regional development of coal is crucial for achieving coordinated development of regional economies in China. It is of significance to build a healthy interaction mechanism between economy and energy. It is worth noting that there is not obvious short-term causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in western region of China. In other words, there are no correction mechanisms. For this reason, system performance of regional economy and the coal (energy) in west China is a long-term process, but not obvious in short term at all.
Causality Nexus of Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence from Ghana  [PDF]
Bismark Ameyaw, Amos Oppong, Lucille Aba Abruquah, Eric Ashalley
Open Journal of Business and Management (OJBM) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/ojbm.2017.51001
Abstract: Electricity plays a crucial role in the economic development of most economies. The causality nexus between electricity consumption and economic growth is important in enacting energy consumption policy and environmental policy. Many researchers have studied the causality between energy consumption and economic growth yet no consensus has emerged. Irrespective of the numerous researches conducted between these two variables, less evidence has been recorded in Ghana. Studies establishing the direction of causality between economic growth and energy consumption have concluded mixed result posing stern threat to Ghana’s energy policy. It is therefore viable to investigate the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in Ghana. This study uses the Cobb-Douglas growth model covering time series data from 1970 to 2014. Vector Error Correction Model was also conducted in order to empirically ascertain the error correction adjustment. Granger Causality test was used to determine the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth and the empirical findings obtained herein reveals that there exists a unidirectional causality running from GDP to electricity consumption. This line of causality obtained from the data supports Growth-Led-Energy Hypothesis. Therefore, it is evident that Ghana is a less energy-dependent economy.
Causality between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran: An Ardl Testing Approach  [cached]
Gudarzi farahani Yazdan,Sadr Seyed Mohammad Hossein
Asian Economic and Financial Review , 2012,
Abstract: Oil is also very important for the Iran’s economic growth. This paper studies the causal relationships between oil consumption and economic growth for Iran using cointegration and error correction model from annual data covering the period of 1980-2010. As economic growth and oil consumption variables used in empirical analysis was integrated of order one, employed Granger causality test. The results show that in the short-run, the Granger causality runs from economic growth to energy consumption In Iran. However, in the long run there is not any Granger causality relationship for this country. In other words, if unidirectional causality runs from energy consumption to income, reducing energy consumption could lead to a fall in economic growth.
Causality Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Brazil  [PDF]
Hsiao-Tien Pao, Yi-Ying Li, Hsin-Chia Fu
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/sgre.2014.58019
Abstract:

This study has investigated the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Brazil during the period of 1980-2008. The co-integration test indicates a long-run equilibrium relationship between variables, andenergy consumption appears to be real GDP elastic. This elasticity suggests that energy consumption has a great positive influence on changes in income. The causality results from the error correction model reveal a unidirectional short-run causality from energy consumption to economic growth and a bidirectional strong causality between them. These findings suggest that Brazil should adopt a dual strategy of increasing investment in energy infrastructure, and stepping up energy conservation policies to reduce any unnecessary waste of energy, in order to avoid having a negative effect on economic growth by reducing energy consumption. In contrast, energy conservation is expected to increase the efficient use of energy and, therefore, enhance economic growth.

Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Algeria: Cointegration and Causality Analysis  [cached]
Cherfi Souhila,Baghdad Kourbali
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy , 2012,
Abstract: This study investigates the energy consumption-growth nexus in Algeria. The causal relationship between the logarithm of per capita energy consumption (LPCEC) and the logarithm of per capita GDP (LPCGDP) during the 1965-2008 period is examined using the threshold cointegration and Granger causality tests. The estimation results indicate that the LPCEC and LPCGDP for Algeria are non cointegrated and that there is a uni-directional causality running from LPCGDP to LPCEC, but not vice versa. The research results strongly support the neoclassical perspective that energy consumption is not a limiting factor to economic growth in Algeria. Accordingly, an important policy implication resulting from this analysis is that government can pursue the conservation energy policies that aim at curtailing energy use for environmental friendly development purposes without creating severe effects on economic growth. The energy should be efficiently allocated into more productive sectors of the economy.
Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Vietnam: Threshold Cointegration and Causality Analysis  [cached]
BINH Thanh PHUNG
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy , 2011,
Abstract: This study investigates the energy consumption-growth nexus in Vietnam. The causal relationship between the logarithm of per capita energy consumption (LPCEC) and the logarithm of per capita GDP (LPCGDP) during the 1976-2010 period is examined using the threshold cointegration and vector error correction models for Granger causality tests. The estimation results indicate that the LPCEC and LPCGDP for Vietnam are cointegrated and that there is a strong uni-directional causality running from LPCGDP to LPCEC, but not vice versa. It is also found that the effect of LPCGDP on LPCEC in Vietnam is time-varying (i.e. significantly different between before and after the structural breakpoint, 1992). The research results strongly support the neoclassical perspective that energy consumption is not a limiting factor to economic growth in Vietnam. Accordingly, an important policy implication resulting from this analysis is that government can pursue the conservation energy policies that aim at curtailing energy use for environmental friendly development purposes without creating severe effects on economic growth. In future, the energy should be efficiently allocated into more productive sectors of the economy.
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