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 Giovanni Panti Mathematics , 2015, Abstract: The Farey sequence is the sequence of all rational numbers in the real unit interval, stratified by increasing denominators. A classical result by Hall says that its normalized gap distribution is the same as the distribution of the random variable 1/(2 zeta(2) xy) on a certain unit triangle. In this paper we weight the denominators by an arbitrary piecewise-smooth continuous function, and we characterize the resulting gap distribution as that of a multiple of the above variable, defined on a certain unit pentagon. Our characterization refines previous results by Boca, Cobeli and Zaharescu, but employs completely different techniques. Building upon recent work by Athreya and Cheung, we construct a varying-with-time Poincar\'e section for the horocycle flow on the space of unimodular lattices, and we interpret the weighted Farey sequence as the list of return times to the section. Under an appropriate parametrization, our pentagon appears as the orbit of Hall's triangle under the motion of the section, and basic equidistribution results for long closed horocycles yield explicit formulas for the limit transverse measure.
 Mathematics , 2012, Abstract: We construct a Poincar\'e section for the horocycle flow on the modular surface $SL(2, \R)/SL(2, \Z)$, and study the associated first return map, which coincides with a transformation (the {\it BCZ map}) defined by Boca-Cobeli-Zaharescu. We classify ergodic invariant measures for this map and prove equidistribution of periodic orbits. As corollaries, we obtain results on the average depth of cusp excursions and on the distribution of gaps for Farey sequences and slopes of lattice vectors.
 Mathematics , 2003, DOI: 10.1023/B:JOSS.0000041727.66775.d3 Abstract: We consider the Farey fraction spin chain, a one-dimensional model defined on (the matrices generating) the Farey fractions. We extend previous work on the thermodynamics of this model by introducing an external field $h$. From rigorous and renormalization group arguments, we determine the phase diagram and phase transition behavior of the extended model. Our results are fully consistent with scaling theory (for the case when a "marginal" field is present) despite the unusual nature of the transition for h=0.
 Physics , 1998, DOI: 10.1007/s002200050629 Abstract: We introduce a new number-theoretic spin chain and explore its thermodynamics and connections with number theory. The energy of each spin configuration is defined in a translation-invariant manner in terms of the Farey fractions, and is also expressed using Pauli matrices. We prove that the free energy exists and exhibits a unique phase transition at inverse temperature beta = 2. The free energy is the same as that of a related, non translation-invariant number-theoretic spin chain. Using a number-theoretic argument, the low-temperature (beta > 3) state is shown to be completely magnetized for long chains. The number of states of energy E = log(n) summed over chain length is expressed in terms of a restricted divisor problem. We conjecture that its asymptotic form is (n log n), consistent with the phase transition at beta = 2, and suggesting a possible connection with the Riemann zeta function. The spin interaction coefficients include all even many-body terms and are translation invariant. Computer results indicate that all the interaction coefficients, except the constant term, are ferromagnetic.
 Statistics , 2005, DOI: 10.1007/s10955-006-9034-x Abstract: We consider the Farey fraction spin chain in an external field $h$. Utilising ideas from dynamical systems, the free energy of the model is derived by means of an effective cluster energy approximation. This approximation is valid for divergent cluster sizes, and hence appropriate for the discussion of the magnetizing transition. We calculate the phase boundaries and the scaling of the free energy. At $h=0$ we reproduce the rigorously known asymptotic temperature dependence of the free energy. For $h \ne 0$, our results are largely consistent with those found previously using mean field theory and renormalization group arguments.
 Mathematics , 2014, Abstract: The notion of $SL_2$-tiling is a generalization of that of classical Coxeter-Conway frieze pattern. We classify doubly antiperiodic $SL_2$-tilings that contain a rectangular domain of positive integers. Every such $SL_2$-tiling corresponds to a pair of frieze patterns and a unimodular $2\times2$-matrix with positive integer coefficients. We relate this notion to triangulated $n$-gons in the Farey graph.
 James Tanis Mathematics , 2011, DOI: 10.1017/etds.2012.125 Abstract: We study the invariant distributions for the horocycle map on $\Gamma\backslash SL(2, \mathbb{R})$ and prove Sobolev estimates for the cohomological equation of the horocycle map. As an application, we obtain an estimate for the rate of equidistribution for horocycle maps on compact manifolds.
 Mathematics , 2009, DOI: 10.1007/s10955-009-9900-4 Abstract: We consider the Farey fraction spin chain in an external field $h$. Using ideas from dynamical systems and functional analysis, we show that the free energy $f$ in the vicinity of the second-order phase transition is given, exactly, by $$f \sim \frac t{\log t}-\frac1{2} \frac{h^2}t \quad \text{for} \quad h^2\ll t \ll 1 .$$ Here $t=\lambda_{G}\log(2)(1-\frac{\beta}{\beta_c})$ is a reduced temperature, so that the deviation from the critical point is scaled by the Lyapunov exponent of the Gauss map, $\lambda_G$. It follows that $\lambda_G$ determines the amplitude of both the specific heat and susceptibility singularities. To our knowledge, there is only one other microscopically defined interacting model for which the free energy near a phase transition is known as a function of two variables. Our results confirm what was found previously with a cluster approximation, and show that a clustering mechanism is in fact responsible for the transition. However, the results disagree in part with a renormalisation group treatment.
 Mathematics , 2011, Abstract: We formulate and prove a finite version of Vinogradov's bilinear sum inequality. We use it together with Ratner's joinings theorems to prove that the Mobius function is disjoint from discrete horocycle flows on \$\Gamma \backslash SL_2(\mathbb{R}).
 Jens Marklof Mathematics , 2010, Abstract: We embed multidimensional Farey fractions in large horospheres and explain under which conditions they become uniformly distributed in the ambient homogeneous space. This question has recently been investigated in the case of SL(d,Z) to prove the asymptotic distribution of Frobenius numbers. The present paper extends these studies to general lattices in SL(d,R).
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